Abstract

Perforative peritonitis is the most common surgical emergency in India. The spectrum of aetiology in Asian countries continues to be different from Western countries. The aim of the study was to highlight the spectrum of perforative peritonitis as encountered by us at medical college hospital, which is important  primary referral government hospital in Hassan district . In this retrospective study, a total of 120 cases of perforative peritonitis were included, which constituted 25% of surgical abdominal emergency admissions. Duodenal perforation (45%) was the most common cause of perforative peritonitis. Abdominal pain was the commonest presenting symptom and free gas under diaphragm in chest radiogram was commonest important diagnostic finding especially in duodenal perforations. Appendicular perforation was the second most common condition which affects all the ages. Morbidity and mortality was directly related to time interval between occurrence and surgical intervention and amount of contamination in peritoneal cavity. Other predictors were co-morbid conditions, site of perforation, post operative complications and increasing age of the patient. Mortality overall was 15%, highest in duodenal   perforation. This article presents a spectrum of aetiology, clinical presentations and outcomes in perforative peritonitis in 120 patients.

Corresponding Author

Dr.Palachandra.A.

Associate Professor, Department of General Surgery

HIMS, Hassan, Karnataka- 573201

Ph. 9036946487, Email: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Abstract

Background: FNAC is a simple, safe, cost effective, quick as well as an efficient diagnostic procedure with relatively no contraindications and no side effects. The aim of this work is to evaluate the reliability and diagnostic accuracy of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of cervical lymph nodes.

Method: 100 patients who presented with cervical lymphadenopathy in the Department of pathology, Government Medical College, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, were subjected to FNAC using a 10 ml syringe and 22-24 gauge needles. All smears were stained and cytological diagnosis were made by an experienced pathologist. The patients were followed whenever possible. 27 cases were subjected to lymph node biopsy. The cytological results were compared with the histological findings wherever possible.

Results: The age of the patients ranged from 2 to 75 years. Male to Female ratio was 1.2:1.

FNAC diagnosis was divided into Non-Neoplastic and neoplastic lesions. Overall Reactive lymphadenitis was the most common finding(41%).Male preponderance was seen in Reactive lymphadenopathy and Female preponderance was seen in chronic granulomatous lesion as well as in metastatic carcinomas. Out of 27 biopsied cases, the overall diagnostic accuracy of FNAC for reactive lymphadenitis, Chronic granulomatous lesions, Hodgkins lymphoma, nonhodgkins lymphoma and metastasis were 87.5%,71.4%, 100%, 80% and 100%.

Conclusion: FNAC of lymph nodes proved to be a very useful tool in the diagnosis and early evaluation of enlarged lymph nodes with high sensitivity and specificity. In many cases, it reduces the need for a surgical procedure to be performed on the patient.

Keywords: cervical lymphadenopathy, Fine needle aspiration cytology, Reactive Lymphadenitis, Granulomatous lesion, Lymphoma.

Corresponding Author

Dr. Mayuri Rajendrakumar Gohil

19, Shree Krishna Park Society, Victoriya Park Road,

Near Himalaya Mall, Bhavnagar

Mobile: 9909903514

Abstract

Psychiatric illnesses as well as diabetes are common. Diabetes is a chronic disease is frequently associated with psychiatric disorders .Very few studies have conducted in India in this regard. The present study aims to determine the co morbidities of psychiatric disorders in diabetes patients and to correlate psychiatric comorbidities with socio-demographic data on 50 samples. Results revealed a high incidence of psychiatric illnesses among patients with diabetes. Also it shows that chronicity of diabetes is strongly related to the comorbidities of psychiatric illnesses. Hence early diagnosis and management of co morbid psychiatric illnesses may also help in Diabetic management and outcome. 

Key words: Psychiatric disorders, diabetes, anxiety, depression

Corresponding Author

*Sukanti Chand

PhD Trainee, Deptt of Psychiatry, IMS & SUM Hospital,

SOA University, Bhubaneswar.

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Abstract

NK-cells are morphologically similar to other lymphocytes but immunologically different from them. They have variable expression of one or other T-cell markers but essentially not expressing surface or cytoplasmic CD3 except a minor population of cytoplasmic epsilon CD3.Clinically neoplasm of NK-cell presents as either aggressive or indolent lymphoma/leukemia behaving differently from neoplasm of T-cell and B-cell. Till now treatment protocol is not well-defined and effective for this resistant type lymphoma/leukemia. In this case, patient presented with low grade fever and bilateral ankle arthritis and NK-cell lymphocytosis in peripheral blood and bone marrow. Because NK-cell leukemia is rare and presentation of this case is not totally fitting in aggressive or indolent variant of NK-cell leukemia, thus I report this case.

Key Words: Natural killer cell, Large Granular Lymphocyte, Immunophenotyping, Cell markers

Corresponding Author

Subhash Chandra Jha

Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology

Government Medical College, Bettiah

Abstract

Background and Aim: The pathogenesis of moderately increased albuminuria (Malb) in type 2 diabetic patients is still unclear. Infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), especially with strains carrying the cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA), might play a role. In this study, we investigated the possible association between H. pylori CagA-seropositivity in type 2 diabetic patients and Malb as well as increased inflammatory markers.

Subjects and Methods:  Ninety type 2 diabetic patients with Malb were included in the study. These patients were divided into two groups as H. pylori seropositive (35 patients) or seronegative (55 patients). In the 2 groups, level of urine albumin creatinine ratio (UACR), inflammatory markers (CRP, ESR), glycemic control indices (fasting blood glucose, HbA1c) and other parameters were compared.

Results: There was a significant progressive increase in UACR mean values and thus in Malb comparing H. pylori CagA seropositive and seronegative group (p = <0.001). Malb has significant positive correlation with anti-CagA IgG titer (r=0.497, p<0.001).  CagA seropositive patients had significantly higher inflammatory markers (CRP, ESR), p value <0.001. They also showed a significantly poor glycemic control (p = <0.001) and higher lipid profile than the seronegative group.

Conclusions: H. pylori CagA antibodies per se may play a role in the pathogenesis of Malb and increased inflammatory response in type 2 diabetic patients. Thus it may play an important role in the development or progression of diabetic nephropathy.

Keywords: Cag A seropositive, Helicobacter pylori, moderately increased albuminuria, type 2 diabetes mellitus

Corresponding Author

Marwa Ahmed Meheissen (Meheissen M.A.)

Lecturer of Microbiology & Immunology, faculty of Medicine

University of Alexandria, Egypt

Email: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., phone: 002 0100 566 7342

Abstract

Background: Prosthetic valve thrombosis is a devastating complication of valve replacement therapy. Many patients experience recurrent prosthetic valve thrombosis which is accompanied by increased morbidity or mortality. The Recurrent PVT (Prosthetic valve thrombosis) can be managed either by surgery or by repeat thrombolysis. Redo surgery carries with it more mortality and morbidity. There has been no large studies which evaluated the efficacy of re-thrombolysis in recurrent PVT.

Objectives of the study were.

1) To assess the efficacy of thrombolysis in recurrent PVT

2) To assess the relationship of different patient variables responsible for successful thrombolysis.

3) To know the factors associated with recurrent prosthetic valve thrombosis.

Materials and methods: This is a retrospective study. All the patients admitted at our institute with recurrent prosthetic valve thrombosis from Jan 2011 to Dec 2014 are included in the study. A total of 32 patients had recurrent PVT, all patients received thrombolysis according to the prespecified protocol. The effectiveness of the thrombolysis was analysed with serial echocardiography.

Results: Mean age of the patients was 41.15±10.96 years. 17(53.1%) patients were females. Median duration following valve replacement was two years. 21(43.8%) patients had bileaflet prosthetic valve and 18(56.3%) were having tilting disc prosthetic valve. Only one patient presented with NYHA class I symptoms. Baseline echocardiography demonstrated peak and mean mitral gradients of 34.30±6.07 and 21.34±6.22 mmHg respectively. Whereas aortic prosthetic valve peak and mean gradients were 100.2±31.33 and 59.1±25.1 mmHg respectively.  The mean left ventricle ejection fraction was 49.66±12.21%. Majority of the patients 21(65.6%) had normal or more than normal INR valve at the time of presentation. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio was significantly associated with the number of times patient was admitted with recurrent prosthetic valve thrombosis. At  mitral position there were total 26 incidences of prosthetic valve thrombosis of which 16 (61%) patients had full response, 4(15.3%) and 6(23.0%) prosthetic valve thrombosis had incomplete and failed thrombolysis. In aortic position a total of 9 incidents of thrombosis were noted and all of these patients recovered completely following thrombolysis. There were two deaths and three embolic cerebral infarcts post thrombolysis, these events occurred in prosthetic valve thrombosis at mitral valve position and in NYHA class 4 patients. Urokinase and streptokinase had similar efficacy in the treatment of prosthetic valve thrombosis.

Conclusion: Recurrent prosthetic valve thrombosis can be treated with thrombolysis with good results. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio was significantly associated with number of times patient admitted with recurrent PVT. Patients presenting with NYHA class IV have higher mortality and failed of thrombolysis. Recurrent PVT at mitral position had a higher failure compared to aortic position.

Corresponding Author

Shivashankara T H

Resident, Department of Cardiology,

Sri jayadeva institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Research, Bangalore, India

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Abstract

Aim and Objective: We sought to evaluate the efficacy and safety of vildagliptin, a new dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, added to metformin during 24 weeks of treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes. 
Patient selection and method: The study was done in 100 patients of Type 2 DM who were inadequately controlled by metformin alone. Strict predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria were followed and each patient was monitored with physical examination including body weight and blood pressure, complete blood count, fasting blood glucose and post prandial blood glucose, HbA1c, lipid profile (TC, LDL – C, HDL – C, triglycerides), renal profile (B Urea, S Creatinine, routine urine examination, ACR – urine, test for microalbuminemia), liver profile (ALT, AST, ALP, S.Bilirubin, S Protein) and ECG. Efficacy and tolerability were assessed in eight visits over 24 weeks. 

Results: The decrease of mean HbA1c level was 1.13% in cases (Group A) as compared to 0.05% in the control (Group B) at 24 week which was found to be significant (P value <0.01). Reduction in the mean fasting blood glucose level in cases (Group A) was 28.83mg/dL as compared to 3.6mg/dL in control (Group B) at 24 weeks. This decrease was found to be significant (P value <0.01). Reduction in the mean post prandial blood glucose level in cases (Group A) was 41.44mg/dL as compared to 2.12mg/dL in control (Group B) at 24 week. This decrease was found to be significant (P value <0.01). No major changes from baseline to endpoint were observed for any hematological, biochemical or urinalysis parameter. 
Conclusion: Vildagliptin is well tolerated and produces clinically meaningful, dose-related decreases in A1C and FPG as add-on therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled by metformin.

Corresponding Author

Dr Abhishek Anand

MD, General Medicine

Deptt of Medicine, PMCH, Patna

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Abstract

Background: The dilemma of whether and how to disclose a diagnosis of cancer or any other terminal illness continues to be a subject of worldwide interest. In many countries around the world, cancer patients are often not told the truth about their illnesses.

Aims: The present study provides an insight about the influence which Truth Disclosure on quality of life in cancer patients at a tertiary care hospital.

Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out at the OPDs of Oncology and Radiotherapy Departments of Kasturba Medical College Hospital, Attavar, Mangalore. A sample of 82 cancer patients were chosen of which 47 were grouped under Truth Concealed (TC) cancer patients and 35 under Truth Disclosed (TD) cancer patients. The Functional Living Index Cancer (FLIC) Questionnaire was used in the study.

Results: The responses to the FLIC Questionnaire were grouped under Emotional Factors, Physical wellbeing and Ability Factors, Sociability Factors and Miscellaneous Factors and most of them were statistically significant for TD cancer patients compared to TC cancer patients.

Conclusions: TC cancer patients were found to have better quality of life than TD cancer patients. Psychological counseling to patients before truth disclosure to patients and counseling to family members for extension of their supportive and caring attitude  is a major determinant of quality of life ,even so when life cannot be prolonged its  quality has to be preserved.

Key words: Cancer patients, Truth Disclosure, FLIC questionnaire.

Corresponding Author

Dr. Epari Ravi Kiran

Professor of Community Medicine, Narayana Medical College,

Chinthareddypalem, Nellore-524003, Andhra Pradesh

Email: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.. Mobile: 09441025412

Abstract

A dermoid cyst is a cystic teratoma that contains an array of developmentally mature, solid tissues. It frequently consists of skin, complete with hair follicles, and sweat glands. Other commonly found components include: clumps of long hair, pockets of sebum, blood, fat, bone, nails, teeth, eyes, cartilage, and thyroid tissue. Superficial dermoid cysts (ones near the surface of the skin) on the face can usually be removed without complications. Removal of other, rarer dermoid cysts requires special techniques and training. These rarer dermoid cysts occur in four major areas:  Dermoid cysts in the brain, nasal sinuses, ovarian dermoid cysts, dermoid cysts of the spinal cord.

While all ovarian cysts can range in size from very small to quite large, dermoid cysts are not classified as functional cysts. Dermoid cysts originate from totipotential germ cells (which are present at birth) that differentiate abnormally, developing characteristics of mature dermal cells. Complications exist, such as torsion (twisting), rupture, and infection, although their incidence is rare.

Key words; dermoid cyst,ovarian conservation.

Corresponding Author

Dr. Poonam.Vishnoi

211/2 Sindh Society, Aundh, Pune, Maharashtra 411007 India

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Abstract

Background: Adolescence is a period of peak growth for boys and girls.  Food and nutrition needs are proportionately higher during the growth spurt. Various surveys revealed that the nutritional status of adolescent girls is sub-optimal.

Objective: To assess the nutritional status of adolescent girls in a rural area.

Materials and methods: A cross-sectional community based study was carried out in 625 adolescent girls in the field practice area of rural health training centre, Narayana Medical College, Nellore. Data was collected by pre designed pre tested schedule.

Results: Out of 625 girls under study, 233 (37.3%) were in age group of 10-13 years, 187 (29.9%) in 14-15 years, 205(32.8%) in 16-19years. The mean age was 14.4 years. The median weight of the girls ranged from 30±6.0 Kgs to 45±8.6 Kgs. The mean weight of adolescent girls in the present study in all age groups is lower than NCHS median weights.  The median height of the girls ranged from 136 ± 5.8 cm to 154 ± 6.7 cm. The median height of study population in all the age groups is lower than NCHS standards. Out of 625 adolescent girls 32.3% had under weight. The prevalence of underweight was high in Christians (46.8%), Scheduled tribes (46.5%). Adolescent girls of illiterate mothers had high prevalence of underweight (35.8%). Majority (58.3%) of underweight adolescent girls were belong to class VI socioeconomic status.

Conclusion: From the present study it is concluded that the heights and weights of adolescent girls in all age groups in the study area were lower than NCHS standards. The prevalence of underweight was high.

Key words: Adolescent girls, Underweight and NCHS standards.

Corresponding Author

Dr. Kumar Chinta

Professor, Department of Community Medicine,

Narayana Medical College, Nellore

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Abstract

Introduction- Laparoscopic ureterolithotomy has emerged as an important tool in management of ureteric calculi however open ureterolithotmy still being practiced.

Aim- To compare the results of laparoscopic versus open ureterolithotomy.

Material and Method- 90 patients of ureteric calculi especially upper and mid third ureteric calculi, 56 underwent retroperitoneal laparoscopic ureterolithotomy(Group A) and 36 open ureterolithotomy (Group B). Various parameters were assessed to compare the outcome in two groups.

Results- Mean age of patients in group A was 46.5 years and in group B was 43.2 years. The mean operating time was 72.5 minutes in group A while it was 77.18 minutes in group B. We observed a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) in between two groups while comparing mean blood loss, mean of the doses of post operative analgesic (doses) required, incidence of post operative wound infection and mean of post operative days required for resumption of food, diet and normal activity.

Conclusion- Laparoscopic ureterolithotomy is associated with significantly less blood loss, less requirement of post operative analgesic and less incidence of post operative wound infection as compared to open ureterolithotomy. As this study belongs to a rural centre with a very high patient load of nephrolithiasis; our work has an objective to increase the acceptance of laparoscopic surgery in rural population.

Key Word- Laparoscopic, Ureterolithotomy, Retroperitoneal, Ureteric Calculus

Corresponding Author

Dr Shashi Prakash Mishra

Assistant Professor, Department of Surgery

UPRIMS&R, Saifai, Etawah (U.P.), India. 206130.

Email- This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.,

Phone No- +915688276188; Mobile No. +919415252841

Abstract

Thalamic nuclei have wide variations in arterial supply. Bilateral thalamic infarcts could be due to occlusion of occlusion of artery of Percheron which is one of variant of thalamo perforator arteries. High level of clinical suspicion, early diagnosis and prompt treatment aids in effective management of these cases.

KEY WORDS: Bilateral thalamic infarcts, Artery of Percheron (AOP)

Corresponding Author

Dr. Lalitha Kumari G

Assistant Professor, Department of Radio-Diagnosis

Santhiram Medical College and General Hospital,

NH 18, Nandyal, Andhra Pradesh, India.518501

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Abstract

Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) is members of papilloma virus genus of the family papoviridae. They selectively infect the epithelium of the skin & mucous membrane. They are of two types high risk and low risk, depending on that they infect skin, mucosa, and genitalis. These infections may produce warts or be associated with a variety of benign & malignant neoplasia. HPV can also act as causative oncogenic agent for inducing carcinoma in non smokers. There are different methods of detection of HPV infection which are histology, cytology, PCR, In-situ hybridization.

Key Words: HPV, Oral papillary lesion, oral carcinoma

Corresponding Author

Dr Pallavi Sabarad

Assistant Professor, Department of Oral Pathology,

SDM College of Dental Sciences, Sattur, Dharwad, Karnataka 580009 India

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Abstract

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the phacoemulsification for various grades of cataract by Peristaltic versus Venturi.

Methods: This was a comparative longitudinal study. The study included 112 patients with cataract who underwent cataract extraction by Phacoemulsification by peristaltic pump (Group I) and by Venturi pump (Group II). Group I consisted of 53 patients and Group II consisted of 59 patients. Postoperatively patients were given antibiotic, steroid and mydriatic drops for 6 weeks. Second day, 1 week, 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months and 1 year follow  up was done with postoperative examination which included visual acuity assessment, slit lamp biomicroscopy, tonometry keratometry, direct ophthalmoscopy to see media clartity. The post-operative data was collected at the end of study i.e. at 1 year.

Results: Majority of the patients of the both Group I (77.4%) and Group II (81.4%) had cortical cataract. The nuclear hardness of grade 3+ was among more than one third of the patients in both Group I (47.2%) and Group II (45.8%). There was no significant difference in the pre-operative parameters between the groups. There was significant difference (p<0.05) in effective phaco time in both the groups. There was significant difference (p<0.05) in effective phaco time in both the groups. There was no significant (p>0.05) difference in intra and post-operative complications between the groups.

Conclusion: The venturi pump was found to be better than peristaltic pump, however, there was no significant difference between the groups in terms of the outcome assessment.

Key words: Phacoemulsification, Cataract, Peristaltic, Venturi

Corresponding Author

Dr. Nishant Kanodia

Assistant Professor, HIMS, Barabanki

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Abstract

Background: primigravidae are high-risk patients and are important regarding subsequent obstetrical performance. The world-wide incidence of Cesarean section continues to rise; nulliparity is a contributing factor for the rising as dystocia is a common reason for intervention in nulliparous parturient.

Objective: to review, assess the Cesarean section rates, analyze the types and evaluate clinical indications, perinatal outcome of Cesarean section rates performed in primigravidae

Materials & Methods: a retrospective review of all primigravidae who underwent Cesarean section (2221) between 1st Jan. 2002 and 31st Dec. 2008; was done. The data were collected from the records of the labour room and the medical records. The most important indication was assigned to that patient. 

Results: Cesarean section rate was significantly increased and along the period of study changed by 109.5%. It is increased with increasing maternal age reaching 64.4% among mothers aged 35 years or more, and emergency Cesarean section during labour were significantly less frequent (42.6%) carried out in the oldest age group. Most sections are carried out as emergencies either during labour (53 %) or before labour (18.2%). Dystocia was the main indication in 26.7% of all Caesarean sections in present study. Malpresentations; mainly breech presentations; is the second dominant indication in primiparae. Fetal distress represented 21.4% of the indicated Cesarean sections. The perinatal mortality rate was reported to be 36.5/1000 live births and preterm Caesarean deliveries represented 13.2%. While low birth weight represented 15.4% of the total live births; macrosomia accounted for 8.7% of them.

Conclusions: a dramatic increase in Caesarean sections rates among primigravidae explaining the annually increased primary Caesarean section rates. Increasing maternal age is strongly associated with increased Caesarean section rates and commonest indications were dystocia and breech presentaion.

Key words: primigravidae, advanced maternal age, Caesarean sections, dystocia and perinatal outcome.

Corresponding Author

Dr.Med. Fatheia Ahmed Elrishi

Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Misurata Central Hospital

PO Box 329 Misurata

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Abstract

Objectives: a suitable, affordable, rapid and accurate test for HCV may be helpful in various clinical settings. The aim of the work is to evaluate the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of Immuno-Comb II HCV test in detection of HCV antibodies in oral fluid in comparison to serum 3rd generation ELISA test.

Methods: this case control study included 40 patients with positive anti-HCV antibodies in the serum and positive HCV RNA PCR (Group I), compared to 20 patients with elevated liver enzymes, negative anti-HCV antibodies in serum and negative HCV RNA PCR (Group II), and to other 40 healthy controls (Group III).

Results: Immuno-Comb II HCV test of the oral fluid showed sensitivity: 67.5 %, specificity: 100%, PPV: 100%, NPV: 82% and diagnostic accuracy of 87% in diagnosis of HCV.

Conclusion:  the usage of ImmunoComb II for detection of HCV antibodies in oral fluid is promising and has a lot of advantages but needs more effort and more researches to increase its sensitivity.

Key Words: Hepatitis C; Oral fluid; Immunocomb II.

Corresponding Author

Saleh Shereen A,

Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine,

Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt

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Mailing address: Lotfy El Sayed St.,Abbasseya Square. Postal code: 11827.

Phone number: +201227834104.

Abstract

The study was designed to evaluate colour vision impairments in diabetic and hypertensive subjects with a view to ascertaining the extent to which each of the two disease conditions affects colour vision. A total of twenty five diabetic (non-hypertensive) subjects and twenty five hypertensive (non-diabetic) subjects and control population (non-diabetic and non hypertensive, also made up of  twenty five subjects) were used  for the study. Colour vision tests were then carried out on each of the subjects, and the peculiarity of each test was formulated to provide a unique definition to each visual anomally (colour vision impairment) possibly present. The Ishihara test was employed to provide a quick and accurate assessment of colour vision deficiency of congenital origin while the “colour vision testing made easy” detected red-green colour deficiencies. The Farnsworth D-15 test was adopted to identify those with pronounced colour perception deficiencies. Results showed that diabetes and hypertension as disease conditions significantly affected colour vision. Hypertension, however, was found to produce more effect (colour vision impairment) their diabetes.

Keywords: Hypertension, Diabetes, Defects, Colour vision

Corresponding Author

Uloneme, G. C

Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology,

Faculty of Medicine Imo State University, Owerri, Nigeria

Email: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., Phone: +2348036677397

Abstract

Objective- obstetricians from the very ancient days, were of the opinion that premature rupture of membranes can cause maternal complications, increase operative procedures and neonatal morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study is to see the maternal and fetal outcome in premature rupture of membrane at term and we studied the cases of PROM during and after delivery and studied common maternal and perinatal morbidities as well as mode of deliveries .To study the efficacy and safety of i.v. oxytocin infusion and vaginal mesoprostol PGE1 analog induction in patient of PROM at term and progress of labor.

Methods and material – This is a prospective study where patients with confirmed PROM at term were recruited and monitored for progress of labor as well as mode of deliveries. And we can also study the effect of induction by i.v oxytocin and prostaglandin analog PGE1 in cases of PROM at term.

Result- the study period was of 6months with effect from 1^ST dec. 2014 –31^ST may 2015. The patients were admitted in labor room through emergency. Total no. of deliveries in study period were 910. Out of 910 patients 128 are of PROM.

The incidence of PROM in this study 14% and the maximum no. of cases were in the age group of 20-25 years. PROM mainly occurs in primigravida and cephalic is the commonest presentation.

PROM is an obstetric emergency and if once PROM is diagnosed it is important that to weigh the risk of PROM and prompt and active management will improve the maternal and fetal outcome.

Induction by i.v. oxytocin and PGE1 analog comparable to each other however cesearean rate is slightly higher in PGE1 analog group.

Conclusion- prompt diagnosis and active management of PROM cases at term is not only beneficial in improvement of maternal and fetal outcome but it also reduced the hospital expenses, stay and reduced chances of maternal and neonatal sepsis also.

Keywords- premature rupture of membrane, maternal and neonatal outcome.

Corresponding Author

Dr Jagrati Kiran Naagar

Address- Flat number -1, Block-2, BMC Campus

Shivaji ward, Tilli road, SAGAR, MP

Email –This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., Mobile -09329450686

Abstract

Purpose: This Study aims to describe the effect of donor factors, host factors and death-enucleation interval on visual outcome & ultimate graft clarity who underwent penetrating keratoplasty (PK) for various corneal lesions.

Methods: A total 30 eyes of 30 patients were grafted for various corneal lesions between October 2013 & May 2014. Patients who had undergone PK were examined for graft clarity & visual acuity.

Discussion: In this study male:female ratio of 5:1. Corneal opacity (43%) was major indication for PK. 19(63%) eyes enucleated were within 6 hours of death and 11 eyes were enucleated after 6 hours of death. Minimum & maximum enucleation transplantation time was 1 hour & 22 hours respectively. Visual acuity improved significantly in 9(30%) cases. Best surgical results obtained in aphakic bullous keratopathy.

Results: Among all corneal diseases aphakic bullous keratopathy best indication for PK. Cornea that were transplanted within 10 hours of enucleation gave the best results (71%).

Conclusion; Penetrating Keratoplasty conducted under all aseptic conditions with reduced death-enucleation interval, good donor and host factors gives best visual outcome & clear graft post-operatively.

Corresponding Author

Ishvar Patidar

Flat No-102, Punit villa Apartment, Sector –C,

Bakhthwar Ram Nagar,Indore-452001 (M.P.) INDIA

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Abstract

Pregnancy-related acute kidney injury (PR-AKI) causes significant maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Management of PR-AKI warrants a thorough understanding of the physiologic adaptations in the kidney and the urinary tract. Categorization of etiologies of PR-AKI is similar to that of acute kidney injury (AKI) in the nonpregnant population. The causes differ between developed and developing countries, with thrombotic microangiopathies (TMAs) being common in the former and septic abortion and puerperal sepsis in the latter. The incidence of PR-AKI is reported to be on a decline, but there is no consensus on the exact definition of the condition. The physiologic changes in pregnancy make diagnosis of PR-AKI difficult. Timely and correct diagnosis is essential for better maternal and fetal outcomes and treatment of underlying conditions such as sepsis, preeclampsia, and TMAs result in better outcomes. We present here our experience with PRAKI from rural tertiary care centrein western UP.

Keywords: acute kidney injury, developingcountry, mortality, pregnancy, sepsis

Corresponding Author

Dr. Khwaja Saifullah Zafar

Associate Professor, Department of Medicine,

UPRIMS&R, Saifai, Etawah,India

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Abstract

In the presen­­­t case, 45 years old female patient was operated for total laparoscopic hysterectomy for some gynaecological problems after which she developed symptoms of urinary incontinence. After investigation with CT urography, patient was diagnosed as having right side complete duplication of ureters. Duplex ureters are an anatomic anomaly which, if not recognised, can complicate surgery. Knowledge about variations of renal collecting system should be kept in mind during surgical interventions and procedures like cystoscopy and retrograde pyelography to avoid complications.

Keywords: Ureter, Double, CT Urography

Corresponding Author

Dr Nilofer Gausmohiyuddin Mulla

1/7 Dhanwantri, Sir J.J. hospital Campus, Byculla, Mumbai 400 008

Email: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., Phone no: 9221578925, 9890128916

Abstract

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is the most common prostate problem in aging men in the present scenario.  Several factors like imbalance in androgen secretions, obesity and life style modifications are linked to the incidence of occurrence for BPH.  However, the role of blood group system in BPH prevalence is under research. The current study was done to find the association between ABO blood group system/Rh factor and the incidence of benign prostrate hyperplasia. A case control study was done from the medical case records of diagnosed BPH subjects in the urology inpatient department.  From the case record, the distribution of the A, B, O and AB blood groups, Rh factor in BPH subjects were collected and analysed the distribution of various blood groups. Rh -ve individual are indeed having a significant associated with a lower risk of BPH when compared to Rh +ve population.  Incidence of BPH was O > B > A > AB among the study groups.  However, it was not statically significant.  This study shows that Rh +ve individuals are more prone for BPH when compared to Rh -ve individuals. Additional studies to be done to elucidate the molecular mechanism to find the link between blood group system and BPH.

Key Words: ABO blood group, Rh factor, benign prostatic hypertrophy.

Corresponding Author

Dr. Rafiq Anwar A MS Mch (UROLOGY)

Department of Urolog

Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Rajiv Gandhi Salai, Kelambakkam,

Chennai – 603103, India

Mobile: +91 – 7401597875

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Abstract

Students’ perceptions of the educational environment reflect their satisfaction, behaviour, achievements and final outcome. Although the DREEM score at the Medical Faculty in the current study was satisfactory, some items demonstrated low scores. Negatively scored items as a whole suggested the existence of drawbacks in relation to giving student feedback. Therefore a focused evaluation of various facets of students’ perception of teacher feedback was planned. A tailor-made pretested questionnaire called ‘Students’ Perceptions of Teacher Feedback Questionnaire (SPTFQ)’ with 12 items was administered along with the DREEM to the final year students.  Of the 137 out of 212 final year students available on the day of the study, 113 (75%) responded to the questionnaire. Cronbach alpha of DREEM and SPTFQ were 0.81 and 0.80 respectively. Low scoring DREEM items includes; lack of a support system, students getting tired, authoritarian teachers, the course been boring, presence of cheating, emphasis on factual knowledge, difficulty in memorising and teachers getting angry. The SPTFQ revealed   that 14%, 17% and 14% of students perceive that teachers rarely ‘appreciate good things’, ‘support to correct errors’ and ‘encouraged to study’ respectively, while 48%, 37%, 28% of the responses indicated that teachers some time or even more frequently either ‘confused’, ‘humiliated’ or ‘discriminated’ students. SPTFQ score was correlated with SPoL, SPoT and SPoA, (Correlation Coefficient (sig 2 tailed)-0.279(0.003), - 0.242, (0.01)  - 0.229 (0.015) but not with SASP and SSSP. Student’s perceptions of Teacher feedback highlighted significant deficiencies that need early correction even though the overall DREEM score was satisfactory.

Key words – Education environment, teacher’s feedback, student’s perceptions DREEM

Corresponding Author

Mudiyanse R.M

Department of Paediatrics,

Faculty of Medicine University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka

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Abstract

Given the ease of access to vaccines, drugs and medical treatments for Tuberculosis (TB), the disease continues to be a global health concern.  Along with the high prevalence of TB, there is growing awareness of psychiatric comorbidity and its impact in the outcome of the disease. With this purpose, the present study was conducted to assess depression, anxiety, stress of TB patients and their life satisfaction in relation to these variables. Eighty eight TB patients who were undergoing treatment from last six months were given self reported measures of DASS-42 and Life Satisfaction Scale for data gathering. Required statistical techniques were used to obtain results. The results of the study showed 72% of the participants reported high level of depression while as 45.46% and 52.27% reported higher anxiety and stress respectively. 92.05% were extremely dissatisfied with their overall life. Moreover, depression, anxiety and stress were identified as the significant negative predictors of life satisfaction of these patients.

Key Words: Tuberculosis, Mental disorders, Depression, Life Satisfaction.

Corresponding Author

Suhail Ahmad Bhat

Research Scholar

Department of Psychology, University of Kashmir

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Abstract

Background: Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a progressive growth disease that affects spine biomechanics, and left-right trunk symmetry, however its effect on lower limb muscles strength remains unclear.

Purpose: The aims of this study were to compare the isokinetic strength for hip abductor and adductor muscles in AIS with that of healthy individuals, and also to detect the effect of scoliosis location and curve direction on hip abductor and adductor strength.

Subjects: this study was conducted on 44 patients with AIS and 23 controls. All patients were selected having structural double curve scoliosis ranged between 20 to 50 degrees Cobb's angle.

Methods: AIS patients were divided according to the direction of the primary curve into two groups; right and left scoliosis. Isokinetic torques of the hip abductor and adductor muscles were assessed in both groups of patient and compared to the control one.

Results: There was a significant increase in peak torque values of left hip abductor muscles (p < 0.05) in right scoliosis group. As for left scoliosis group, there was a significant increase in peak torque values of the right hip abductor muscles (p < 0.05). There was no significant differences between the control and AIS groups for hip adductor muscles (p>0.05).

Conclusion: Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis causes hip abductor and adductor muscle imbalance. Consequently, assessment and rehabilitation of idiopathic scoliosis should include restoring proper muscle balance of hip abductor and adductor muscles regarding the scoliosis curve direction.

Keywords: Idiopathic scoliosis, hip muscles, isokinetic, torque.

Corresponding Author

Walaa Sayed Mohammad

7 Ahmed Elziat Street, Bean Elsariate, Faculty of Physical Therapy,

Cairo University, Giza, Egypt

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Abstract

Background: Hypertension is one of the commonest cardiovascular disorders in both developing and developed countries. The prevalence of hypertension is seen on the rise in developing countries especially in urban areas with changing lifestyles and increasing longevity.

Objectives: The present study was undertaken to study the epidemiology of hypertension in an ethnic community of ‘Telugu Vysyas’, who are a predominantly business community residing in a coastal city of Berhampur, Southern Orissa.

Materials and Methods: A prevalence of hypertension of 35 % was used to derive the study population. Using a non-response rate of 15% and including others who volunteered for the study  a  total of 480 persons formed the study population. The study population was selected by Simple Random Sampling Technique. All the data that was collected was analyzed using SPSS version 12 (Statistical Package For Social Sciences) statistical software. Proportions were used to calculate the prevalence and Chi-square test were used for the statistical association between the various categorical variables.

Results: A prevalence of 23% for hypertension was found in the community. There was a significant association of hypertension with family history of cardiovascular diseases, addiction and consanguinity.

Conclusion: Prevalence of hypertension was high in the community in adults more than 40 years. Health education with Life style modification is advocated.

Key words: Hypertension, Telugu Vysya Community, Prevalence, risk factors

Corresponding Author

Dr. Epari Ravi Kiran

Professor of Community Medicine, Narayana Medical College,

Chinthareddypalem, Nellore-524003, Andhra Pradesh

Email: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., Mobile: 09441025412

Abstract

Background: Road traffic accidents are increasing as an alarming annual rate of 3 per cent in India experiencing an increasing trend in spinal injuries. The Cervical spine injury is becoming very common and causing many medico legal implications. To this purpose we have evaluated to identify different types of cervical spine injuries pattern and to correlate with mortality.

Methods: This study was conducted at Osmania General Hospital, Hyderabad for 12 months during the period of January 2004 to December 2004 and the data was collected from autopsy reports maintained in the department of Forensic Medicine, Osmania General Hospital.

Results: Spinal cord injuries were observed in 85 autopsy cases/ records in the study period. There were 74 (87%) males and 11 (13%) females of which 29 victims (34%) were between 30 and 39 years of age, followed by young adults between 20 and 29 yr (19.35%).The Manner of Cervical Spine Injury to the spinal cord with homicide-5 (6%); suicide-20 (23%); RTA-60 (70%).

Conclusion: In majority of accidental events fracture dislocation of cervical spine vertebrae C5 is involved followed by C4 and C6.

Keywords: Cervical spinal cord Injury, Road traffic Accidents, Suicide, Homicide

Corresponding Author

Dr Pamajula Suresh M.D*

Associate Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology

Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, ONGOLE (A.P) India

Email: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., Ph: 9885039102

Abstract

Introduction: Ectopia cordis is a rare congenital condition that is defined by the abnormal position of the heart outside the thorax associated with defects in the parietal pericardium, diaphragm, sternum, and, in most cases, cardiac malformations.

Case Report: A 28 year old primigravida delivered a male life baby with thoracic wall defect with pericardium and heart lying outside the thoracic cavity, in the labour room of Obstretic & Gynaecology Department in Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal. Mother did not come for ante natal checkup so the condition was not diagnosed prenatally. We report this case because of its rarity.

Conclusion: Surgical closure of the thoracic wall defects and proper management of other associated anomalies are the overall objectives in the management of ectopia cordis. Prenatal diagnosis can be done by using ultrasound as early as 9 weeks of gestation.

Key words: Ectopia cordis, thoracic cavity, thoracoabdominal, anomalies, Cantrells pentology.

Corresponding Author

Ambath D. Momin

Senior Resident Doctor, Department of Anatomy,

North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health & Medical Sciences, Shillong

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Abstract

Adolescents are prone to various health related problems. Adolescent problems are increasing due to rapidly changing life style and increasing stressful conditions continuously faced by them. Psychosocial problems of adolescents have not yet received proper attention in the existing literature in our country. Study was conducted with the objectives of investigating psychosocial problems of adolescent students and to explore their perceived needs regarding Adolescent Friendly Health Initiatives at school levels. A cross-sectional survey among 247 adolescent students of four schools: two in Chandigarh and two in Himachal Pradesh, India selected by stratified multistage random sampling design. Study included 136(55.1%) male and 111(44.9%) female students. Mothers (19.4%) followed by friends (15.0%) were found to be the main discussants for personal problem sharing. Feeling of nervousness reported by 181 (73.3%) students followed by feeling of despair felt by 173 (70.0%) students were two major psychological problems reported by students. About 82.0% students felt need of counseling mainly from friends, family members and mentors. However, only 71(28.7%) students reported that they usually discussed openly with their parents. High prevalence of psychosocial problems and absence of proper guidance and counseling indicate felt need of counseling of students at school levels. Adolescent friendly health initiatives like mentoring should be implemented at school levels to reduce psychosocial problems of adolescents for better possible outcomes of adolescent health programs.

Keywords:  Adolescent Friendly Health Initiatives (AFHI); Mentoring

Corresponding Author

Dr Dinesh Kumar

Department of Community Medicine

Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India

Email: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., Phone: 91-172-2620193, 91-9646121540

Abstract

Simultaneous occurrence of both spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage and ischaemic stroke has been very rarely reported in the literature. In this paper, we present an extreme case of a cardioembolic stroke and warfarin-related intracerebral haemorrhage in an elderly patient with atrial fibrillation.

Corresponding Author

Philip-Ephraim EE

Neurology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine

University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Nigeria

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Abstract

Background: Chronic urticaria (CU) is a common problem and negatively affects both work and social life because of its chronic relapsing course and poor response to therapy. Conventional therapies of CU sometimes fail to control the disease activity, especially in autologous serum skin test (ASST) +ve patients. More recent therapies that target the immune system are frequently limited by their high cost and/or aggressive side effects. Several lines of evidence have shown a possible therapeutic value of autologous serum therapy (AST) injection in the treatment of recalcitrant CU.

Objective: to evaluate the effect of autologous serum therapy in the treatment of CU patients with positive ASST  

Methods: Our study is a randomized placebo-controlled, single-blind trial. 30 patients were given AST and 30 patients were given IM injection of normal saline (placebo). Both groups received the injections for 9weeks then were followed up 12 weeks after the last injection. Urticaria activity score (UAS-7) and German version of Chronic Urticaria Quality of Life Questionnaire (CU-Q (2)oL) were used to evaluate the effectiveness of therapy

Results: we demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in UAS-7 score and (CU-Q(2)oL) Questionnaire in cases group after 9 weeks and after 12 weeks from last injection

Conclusion: The autologous serum therapy might prove to be a potent and probably curative treatment option for patients with chronic urticaria.

Key words: Autologous serum therapy, ASST, Chronic urticaria, UAS-7, CU-Q(2)oL

Corresponding Author

Dina Sayed Sheha

Department of Internal Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine,

Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt

Khalifa El-Maamon st, Abbasiya sq. Cairo, Egypt.Post Code: 11566

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Abstract

One of the prime purposes in dental treatment is providing a painless treatment for patients. Lasers are used various field of medicine and dentistry. Therapeutic laser treatment, also referred to as low-level laser therapy (LLLT), offers numerous benefits. Along with the chief benefit of being nonsurgical, it promotes tissue healing and reduces edema, inflammation and pain. Laser therapy works on the principle of inducing a biological response through energy transfer. The parameters that used in laser therapy determine the effective depth of penetration. Each wavelength has a unique effect on the target tissue in the oral cavity. In various field of dentistry laser has been used as treatment modality in treating various pathologies. This review summarizes the mode of action, therapeutic application of LLLT in various field dentistry and safety in dental field.

Corresponding Author

Dr. Deepa G Kamath

Professor and Head, Department of Periodontology,

Manipal College of Dental Sciences

Manipal University, Mangalore

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Abstract

Patient satisfaction is an important measure of the quality of care provided by health care organisations. It is not only important for gaining insights into the perception of the patient’s on the delivery of the health care service, but also a key outcome of care. The present study was undertaken to identify the factors in which the patients are satisfied in the present health care delivery at private and general wards and compare the same. The present study was a cross sectional study, data was collected from 100 patients each from general ward & private wards. Result showed that Patients’ were satisfied and willing to recommend this Hospital to others because of the quality of service shown by the Hospital. 

In particular, Patients of private ward were more satisfied than general wards regarding Timeliness of the treatment, regular evaluation by doctor, availability of doctor in case of emergencies, explanation given by doctor regarding tests, health advice given by doctor, behavior of the nurses, facilities in the rooms (p<0.05). There is no significant difference in the satisfaction level of private & general ward patients regarding discussing ailment with doctor, listening ability of doctor, sympathy & attentiveness of nurses, getting medicines on time, availability of nurses (p>0.05). Regarding other facilities,  patients of private ward were more satisfied than general wards in the area of registration, food services, visiting hours, security services, facilities to attendants (p<0.05).   There is no significant difference in the satisfaction level of private & general ward patients regarding bed & surroundings in the room, helpful housekeeping staff, changing bed linen, cleanliness of the room, diagnostic services (p>0.05).

Key words: Patients, Satisfaction, Patient care

Corresponding Author

Sucharitha Suresh

Assistant Professor, Department of Hospital Administration,

Father Muller Medical College, Mangalore, Karnataka, India

& Research Scholar: REVA University, Bangalore Ph: 9449991150

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Abstract

Anxiety occurs naturally in most people’s lives at one point or another often experienced by individuals prior to a significant experience in their lives brought on by a specific situation. Anxiety is “an episodic experience of the emotion an enduring temperament or predisposition to experience the state of anxiety frequently”. Every person experience anxiety and how they react to the occurrence is unique to them. Aromatherapy is the application of essential oils from aromatic plants to relax, balance, rejuvenate, restore or enhance body, mind and spirit.Among these peppermint aroma is effective for mental and physical stability. It refreshes the mind and helps in concentration.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study is to assess the effectiveness of aroma therapy on level of anxiety among adolescent girls and to associate it with the socio demographic variables.

MATERIALS & METHODS: Quantitative research approach with one group Pre test post test research design was adopted for the study which was conducted in Narayana College of Nursing.100 samples were selected in the study by non probability convenience sampling technique. Beck anxiety inventory scale was used to collect the data. Data was analysed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. Percentages of categorical variables were computed.

RESULTS: In pre test 89 (89%) adolescent girls had moderate level of anxiety and 11(11%) had severe anxiety. In post test 77 (77%) adolescent girls had very low anxiety and 23 (23%) had moderate level of anxiety. In pre test the mean is 28.2 and standard deviation is 4.004 where as in post test mean is 18.52 and standard deviation is 7.57. The calculated value of z test is 33.34 and the tabulated value is 0.4989 which is significant at level of p<0.05. There is a significant association between the effectiveness of aromatherapy on level of anxiety among adolescent girls with their socio demographic variables such as medium of instruction, occupation of mother, family monthly income, religion , staying in hostel and no significant association with the socio demographic variables such as age, qualification of the student, support of education ,education of father ,occupation of father ,education of mother, type of family, area of residence ,sleeping pattern, hours spent in college.

CONCLUSION: Aromatherapy is effective in reducing the level of anxiety among adolescent girls.

KEYWORDS: Aroma Therapy, Anxiety, Adolescent Girls.

Corresponding Author

Rajeswari.H

Professor & HOD, Department of Mental Health Nursing,

Narayana College of Nursing, Chinthareddypalem, Andhrapradesh, India

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Abstract

Background:  Diabetes mellitus and its complications are the major cause of morbidity and mortality in India. And this study is for an assessment of economic burden of the  disease

Objective: This study is to assess the cost of illness in diabetic patients and reduce the economic burden in diabetic patients with complications

Methods: A prospective observational study conduted on cost of illiness in diabetic patients with complications, and patient data related cost is collected from the patient in duration of  6 months.

Results: The study was conducted on 200 patients, The study revealed that the average management cost per diabeti patient without complications were Rs.12460.47 this includes the average total direct medical cost was (91 %), the average direct non Medical Cost was (1%) and the average total Indirect Cost was (8%) compared to those with DM complications, Rs.56356.73, for macrovascular complications Rs.20744.57 for microvascular complications Rs. 17380.4 and infections including other cost was Rs.18231.76. To treat Diabetes with co morbidities was found to be Rs.17344.38, the average total direct medical cost was Rs.15888.37 (90.1%), the average direct non Medical Cost was Rs.129.15(1%) and the average total Indirect Cost was (8.9%).

Conclusion: The results of our study quantify that diabetes with macrovascular complications of direct medical costs and investigational cost had more economic burden. So It suggested that a huge amount of resources could be prevented by taking care, initial understanding of the disease and decrease in DM complications through better medical treatment.

Key words: cost of illness,health care costs,economic burden,diabetes mellitus

Corresponding Author

P. Mary RatnaKumari

H.NO:12-222, Adarsh nagar, Opp. IDPL Colony,

Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana 500037

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Abstract

Introduction - Dengue is endemic in many parts of India and epidemics are frequently reported from various parts of India and abroad. In India prevalence is more along the East coast, Karnataka, Delhi, Gujarat, northern part of UP. Epidemic outbreaks usually occur during monsoon.

Aim – the current study is undertaken to know the Seroprevalence of Dengue infection in North Karnataka.

Material & Method: A total of 410 clinically suspected samples were tested for Dengue NS1, IgG, & IgM positivity by rapid test kit.

Results: All the 410 samples were subjected to NS1, IgM, IgG Microlisa test. In this positivity to either NS1, IgM, IgG or combined was seen in 45 cases. Our study showed seroprevalence of dengue infection of 10.97%.  NS1 Antigen positivity was seen in 20 cases. 21 samples were positive to IgM and 12 samples were positive to IgG.

Conclusion: High prevalence rate in our region particularly in post monsoon season gives an alarm to the doctors regarding early and accurate diagnosis of dengue virus infection and its complications. Prompt diagnosis of index cases can facilitate vector control activities in the community so as to mitigate further transmission.

Keywords: NS1 Antigen,  IgG,  IgM

Corresponding Author

Aditi Garg

Department of Microbiology, Mahadevappa Rampure Medical College, Gulbarga

PG Student, Mahadevappa Rampure Medical College,

Gulbarga Medical council of India- 12-43482

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Abstract

Introduction: Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus is an important cause of nosocomial infection particularly in intensive care units.

Objectives:  To know the prevalence of methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus carriers state among health care workers of intensive care units of Basaveshwara Hospital, Gulbarga.

Materials and Methods:160 health care workers sampling was done from finger tips, nasal cavity and throat of the health care workers engaged in these areas. Specimens were inoculated onto glucose broth, blood agar plate & mannitol salt agar. The suspected colonies were subjected to standard testing procedure for identification of staphylococcus aureus(confirmed by coagulase test). All coagulase positive isolates were subjected for methicillin sensitivity on Muller Hilton agar using oxacillin discs.

Results:A total of 160 health care workers were screened. i.e. 160 swabs on finger tips and web spaces, 144 swabs from anterior nares and 60 swabs from throat were collected.

Of the 160 swabs from finger tips 88(55%) yielded Staphylococcus aureus, of which 26(16.25%) were methicillin resistant. Among 144 nasal swabs, staphylococcus aureus was isolated in 120(83.33%), from which 52(36.11%) yielded methicillin resistant staphylococcus. In 30 throat swabs, 24(40%) samples were positive for staphylococcus aureus and among them 2(3%) was methicillin resistant.

Conclusions:Our study revealed that health care workers were the potential colonizers of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. This study helped us to alert the authority to shift these workers to other areas and to advocate appropriate medication to eradicate their carrier state.

Keywords:Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin resistance, hospital acquired infection

Corresponding Author

Dr Asharani S

PG Student, Mahadevappa Rampure Medical College

Gulbarga. Karnataka Medical Council- 96151

Dept of Microbiology, Mahadevappa Rampure Medical College, Gulbarga

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Abstract

Radiation therapy has been used in cancer treatment for many decades; it is used to eradicate cancer and as a palliative to relieve pain associated with metastases. In the course of treatment, radiation produces numerous biological perturbations in cells such as free radical generation. Exposure to ionization radiation inherent tissue sensitivity and repair, and modulating intracellular factors that include oxygen concentration, and level of antioxidants in the tissue environment.  The brain has high content of peroxidizable unsaturated fatty acids, which is a key in lipid peroxidation and a shortage of antioxidant defense systems or more generation of ROS, or free radicals, can exceed the scavenging ability of endogenous antioxidants, resulting in a shift of the redox state of the brain to the oxidative state. Gliomas are the most common intra-axial tumors arising from the central nervous system. The effect of radiation on the antioxidant enzyme GPx and GR in glioma patients of Gwalior Chambal region has been presented in this work. Several studies implicated the association of dysfunctional GPx and GR and cancer risk and in our work we have also find highly significant decrease in the levels of GPx and GR in the haemolysate of glioma patients pre and post radiotherapy which postulates lack of antioxidant defence system and radiation somehow making it more inefficient.

Key words: Glioma, Glutathione peroxidase, Glutathione reductase, Lipid peroxidation, Radiotherapy

Corresponding Author

Mayank Baranwal

Dept of Biochemistry, J. A. Group of Hospitals & G. R. Medical College

Gwalior, M.P., India-474001.

Contact No: +91-9839721616

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Abstract

Introduction:Today radiation has value added the increased longevity of human being and quality of life. Limited knowledge of the doctors about medical uses of radiation is a concern.  In absence of published evidence about awareness of impact of radiation of human as well as environmental health, this article explores the same from health care professionals from India.

Methods and Material:  Workshops on ‘Radiation and Health’ were organized at the medical colleges in Maharashtra, India in collaboration with Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited. Pretested self-administered questionnaire was given to all the 207 participants registered for these workshops. Of them 141(68.7%) returned back the questionnaires.  Data was analyzed by using SPSS version 19.0 software program (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA).

Results: Response rate for the pretested schedules was 68.71% (n=141).Majority of the participants 131 (92.9%) were medical teachers and postgraduate students. Limit of occupational radiation exposure and ALARA principal was correctly answered by 83 (58.87%) and 72 (51.06%) respondents. Sixty eight (48.23%) overestimated radiation exposure through CT scan. Though 83(58.87%) said that nuclear power plants do not emit radiation, only 35 (24.82%) could answer correctly actual radiation induced human mortality after Fukushima Daiichi nuclear facility accident in Japan.

Conclusions:Radiation protection training with well-placed mechanism of monitoring to the health care professionals is crucial. Their awareness about impact of nuclear energy on environmental health will be instrumental to alleviate anxiety about the same in the general public.

Key-words: Radiation, human and environmental health, health care professionals, India

Corresponding Author

Dr Lalit Sankhe

Associate Professor, Department of Community Medicine

Near gate no 12, 3^rd Floor, Grant Government Medical College and Sir J J Group of Hospitals  

Mumbai -400 008

Email: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., Mobile no: 09324637080/ 09820513651

Abstract

One of the subtypes of Guillain – Barre syndrome is Acute motor and sensory axonal neuropathy (AMSAN) which is characterized by acute onset of distal weakness, loss of deep tendon reflexes, and sensory symptoms. A 65-yr-old male came to our hospital due to respiration difficulties and progressive weakness since 10 days. Nerve conduction studies showed reduced amplitudes of compound muscle action potentials in bilateral peroneal, and posterior tibial nerves with decreased sensory nerve conduction velocity, amplitude and delayed latency in left ulnar nerve. Absent sensory conduction in bilateral median, right ulnar in upper limb and bilateral superficial peroneal and sural nerves in loer limbs. Based on clinical features, laboratory findings, and electrophysiologic investigation, the patient was diagnosed as AMSAN. The patient was treated with symptomatic treatment and physiotherapy.

Corresponding Author

Jitesh Jeswani

Junior Resident

Department of Medicine, NKP Salve Institute of Medical Sciences

Nagpur, MS, India

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Abstract

A descriptive cross sectional; study was undertaken on purposely selected 103 adult living in salem with the objectives of assessing the knowledge on prevention of vector borne disease comparing with demographic variables. the data was collected by using interview schedule. the findings reveals that the adult had average knowledge (42%) regarding prevention vector borne disease

Corresponding Author

Mrs. Palaniyammal Ravindra Kumar

Lecturer, Department of Community Health Nursing

Vinayaka Missions Annapoorana College Of Nursing, India

Chinna Seeragapadi, Salem - 636308,Tamil Nadu, Ph.No:9715894130

Abstract

Neurofibromas are benign tumours of the peripheral nerves. They can be solitary or multiple. Multiple neurofibromas are seen as a part of von Recklinghausen’s disease where they are evenly distributed over the body surface. However solitary neurofibroma is not associated with von Recklinghausen’s disease and is commonly seen in young adults ¹. Neurofibromas exhibit a predilection for the head and trunk compared to other parts of the body ². We report a case of sporadic neurofibroma in a rare site – the popliteal fossa.

Key words: Neurofibroma, von Recklinghausen’s disease.

Corresponding Author

Ashish Jose

Department of Orthopaedics, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College

& Research Institute, Pondicherry, India

Abstract

Objective: The purpose of our study was to determine how well we were detecting fetal anomaly in our region and to compare most common and either preventable or not.

Aims and Objective

·         To find out the different types of anomalies,

·         To findout the most common anomaly.

·         To find out whether the anomaly is preventable or not

Subjects and Methods: Over a 2-year period, we compared the reports of sonographic studies done in 300 pregnancies at first trimister gestation with all pregnancy outcomes established by medical records and, whether born alive or dead. Fetal anomaly was defined as any structural anomaly except for those specifically excluded. We compared our results, expressed as percentage of anomalies found.

Results: At antenatal examination, we found 40 anomalies in 300 babies who had prenatal sonography at first trimester. Our success rate for fetal anomaly detection ranged from 31 cases with neural tube defect,2 cases with idiopathic cause,2 cases with hydrops, I case with skeletal dysplasis,1 case with respiratory abnormalities noted. Which conformed after delivery.

Conclusion: Antenatal ultrasound successfully diagnosed foetal abnormalities, and out of them neural tube defects more common, which can preventable by taking folic acid supplementation.

Keywords: anomalies, antenatal, ultrasound ,firsttrimester, neuraltube defects, hydrops.

Corresponding Author

Dr. Raviteja Athkuri

Post Graduate, Department of Radiology

RMMCH, Annamalai University

Abstract

Head louse infestation caused by Pediculus humanus var. capitis, usually presents with itching of the scalp as the chief symptom, whereas presence of viable nits confirms the diagnosis. Secondary bacterial infection with impetiginization with cervical and occipital lymphadenopathy can complicate the clinical scenario with physician misdiagnosing pediculosis to a primary bacterial infection. We report an extremely rare presentation of Head louse infestation (Pediculosis capitis) as periorbital swelling in a young girl. A 16-year-old girl presented with painless periorbital puffiness around both her eyes. Ocular bio microscopy and dilated ophthalmoscopy were unremarkable. The hair on her head appeared ropy, dry, teeming with lice and nits. She underwent counseling, received oral antibiotic, encouraged to have repeated head wash and improve her personal hygiene. Specific anti-louse treatment along with combing with a fine toothed comb was advised. After treatment, periorbital swelling subsided, the hair was of normal texture with healthy underlying scalp and no evidence of lice or nits. Pediculus humanus capitis is a common health concern in the pediatric age group and it can also rarely present as periorbital swelling in humans.

Keywords- Pediculosis capitis, periorbital swelling, Pediculus humanus capitis

Corresponding Author

Dr. Ankit Soni

Institute of Ophthalmology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India

A10/18, Soni Medical Agencies, Prahladghat, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh (221001), India

(+91-7838526297, 8958758680, 0542-2435885)

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Abstract

A 35-year-old male presented with a giant cutaneous horn over the right leg. The patient was continuously exposed to minor trauma/ irritation at the site of development of the horn. There was bleeding from the base of horn due to trauma. Excision of the cutaneous horn with an elliptical incision and primary closure of defect was done under spinal anesthesia. Histopathological examination showed underlying seborrheic keratosis.

Keywords: Cutaneous horn, giant, surgical excision

Corresponding Author

Dr. Hussain Ahmed^*

Department of Surgery, Gauhati Medical College

Srimanta Sankaradeva University of Health Sciences, Assam; India- 781032

Abstract

Background: Biliary atresia (BA) causesmore than 95% chronic liver disease or cirrhosis and 50-60% liver transplantion. The pathogenesis is unclear. It is proposed that viral infection of the bile duct epitheliumcausing progressive autoreactive inflammation mediated by autoimmune process, resulting fibrosis and bile duct obstruction.

Objective:Determine the effect of induction and duration of illness after rhesus rotavirus (RRV) exposure to expression of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ in mice models BA.

Methods: Experimental research using 48 infant mice balb/c, randomized into two groups, placebo (buffered saline) and 1.5 x 10⁶pfu RRV intraperitoneally in the first 24 hours antenatally. Each group was terminated on 3^rd, 7^th, 14^th and 21^st day, then CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ expression was measured by flowcytometry. Statistical analysis performed using independent sample t-test, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis.

Results: There were an increase of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ expression in intervention group compared to control group (p<0.05), except CD4⁺ in day 3^rd (p=0.493), showed the influence of the RRV induced. Influence of interaction duration of illness and RRV induction was also found statistically significant in mice models of BA (p<0.001). The increase of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ expression was noted after 7^thday, peaked at 14^th day, and decreased at 21^st day.

Conclusions: RRV induction and duration of illness improves the adaptive cellular immune responses as reflected by the increased expression of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ in mice models BA.

Keywords:Biliary atresia, rhesus rotavirus (RRV), CD4⁺, CD8⁺

Corresponding Author

Bagus Setyoboedi

Department of Paediatrics Faculty of Medicine Airlangga University Surabaya

Abstract

Trauma is the cause of 10% of all the deaths worldwide. Penetrating trauma is uncommon accounting for around 1% of that. Timely intervention, multimodality approach and apt surgical decision arenecessary for the treatment.  Here is a series of 7 cases of bowel evisceration and our experience in the management.

Corresponding Author

Dr. Pragnya Chigurupati

Department of General Surgery

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Abstract

Human genetics is the study of hereditary and inheritance. Many diseases are genetic in origin and many are influenced by the genetic make-up of an individual. The modern arena is flourished with many advanced modalities which are not only diagnostic but also curative in nature. The recent advances in genetics and applied technology are miraculous and has a wide spectrum of application. Few of the important genetic advances like PCR, DNA finger-printing, In - situ hybridization, pharmacogenetics are reviewed in the present article.

Keywords: Human genetics, advanced modalities, PCR, DNA fingerprinting, pharmacogenetics, In – situ  hybridization

Corresponding Author

Dr. Anamika Shivhare

Dept. of Oral Pathology, Sri Aurobindo College of Dentistry

Ujjain road, Gram Bhanwrasala, Indore (M.P)

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Abstract

Background:Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) is a diarrheal disease of rapid onset, with or without accompanying symptoms and signs, such as nausea, vomiting, fever, or abdominal pain. The WHO recommends ORS as the treatment of choice for children with mild to moderate gastroenteritis in both developed and developing countries. Vomiting limits the success of oral rehydration in children with gastroenteritis. Ondansetron has been proven safe and effective in chemotherapy induced and post operative vomiting. It is a selective serotonin 5HT-3 receptor blocker and inhibits the initiation of the vomiting reflex in the periphery. We have evaluated single dose of ondansetron versus domperidone on clinical outcome in paediatric gastroenteritis.

Methods: It is an open-label randomized study was undertaken at department of Pediatrics, Narayana Medical College, Nellore for a period of six months. A total 84 children, age group between 3- 10 years of age were selected for the study. The patients were randomly assigned to receive Ondonsetron or Domperidone and were stratified according to the dose of medication. The bedside nurse or care giver is instructed to administer the medication. Vomiting episodes were tabulated in 24 hrs starting from the time of drug administration until cessation of vomiting. The primary outcomes recorded were the need and duration for oral / intravenous rehydration and hospitalization. Data was presented as Mean, SD, Range, actual numbers and Percentages. Statistical analysis was carried by using paired t test.

Results: Out of 84 children in each group whose data were analyzed, 42 patients received ondansetron and remaining 42 received domperidone along with oral-rehydration therapy. As compared with children who received domperidone, children who received ondansetron were less likely to vomit (12 percent vs. 37 percent; relative risk, 0.44; 80 percent confidence interval with  P<0.001)

Conclusion: In children with acute gastroenteritis with vomiting, a single dose of ondansetron reduces vomiting and well tolerated with oral rehydration therapy compared to domperidone

Keywords: Acute Gastro Enteritis (AGE), Vomiting, Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS), Ondansetron, Domperidone,

Corresponding Author

Dr B Madhavulu M.D*

Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics

Narayana Medical College & Hospital, Nellore -524 002 (A.P)

Email: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., Mobile: 9440713718

Abstract

Background: The aortic arch lies wholly in the superior mediastinum. It begins when the ascending aorta emerges from the pericardial sac at the upper border of second right sternocostal joint and ends at vertebral level T IV/V continuing as the descending thoracic aorta. Three branches arise from the convex side of the arch. However variation in the branching pattern occurs due to developmental changes in the pharyngeal arch system during embryonic period. The knowledge of these variations is important for radiological diagnosis and cardio-thoracic surgeries in this region.

Methods: A variation in the aortic arch was noticed during routine undergraduate dissection. The cadaver was a female aged 70 yrs donated by next of kin after her natural death due to cardiac arrest. 

Results: The arch showed 3 branches from left to right, first a common trunk (CT) giving rise to brachiocephalic trunk (BT) and left common carotid artery (LCCA), second branch of left vertebral artery (LVA) and third branch of left subclavian artery (LSA). The brachiocephalic trunk was also observed to be on left of midline and crossing the trachea from left to right.

Discussion: This variation must have resulted from failure of bifurcation of aortic sac leading to LCCA joining the aortic sac resulting in common trunk giving rise to BT and LCCA. The shift of the BT to the left of midline may be a compensatory mechanism to balance the abnormal origin. There could have been increased absorption of embryonic tissue between origin of LSA from aortic arch and origin of LVA resulting in LVA arising directly from the arch.

Conclusion: These variation patterns must be known to surgeon to avoid complications during aortic instrumentation and minimizing risks due to iatrogenic damages during cardiothoracic surgeries.

Keywords: Aortic arch, Brachiocephalic trunk, Left common carotid artery, Left vertebral artery, Left subclavian artery

Corresponding Author

Lt Col (Dr) Debasis Bandopadhyay

Principal, Associate Professor, Dept of Anatomy, AFMC, Pune – 411040

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Abstract

Diaphragmatic eventration is a rare abnormality of diaphragm which may be congenital or acquired. It can be completely asymptomatic when it is present as an isolated anomaly. Such patients may also have associated laxity, weakness or absence of intraperitoneal visceral ligaments due to a shared pathogenesis. This predisposes to rotational anomalies of other viscera like gastric volvulus, wandering spleen with or without torsion, pancreatic volvulus contributed by ligament laxity as well as diaphragm weakness. We present a case of a 16 year old male adolescent having rare and unusual combination of diaphragmatic eventration, mesenterico axial gastric volvulus, wandering spleen and pancreatic volvulus complicated by acute pancreatitis.

Key words: Diaphragm eventration; Gastric volvulus; Pancreatic volvulus; Wandering spleen.

Corresponding Author

Rakesh Kumar

Resident, Department of General Surgery

Sardar Patel Medical College Bikaner

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Abstract

Primary peritoneal echinococcosis is rare and the mechanism of primary peritoneal infestation is still not clear. Clinical presentations vary with the site and size of cyst and usually result from complications due to mass effect of the enlarging abdominal cyst. We present a case of hydatid cyst of sigmoid mesocolon who presented with chronic abdominal pain.

Corresponding Author

Dr. Girish D Bakhshi

Department of General Surgery

Grant Government Medical College & Sir J.J. Group Of Hospitals, Mumbai-08

Abstract

Common rib anomalies include cervical ribs, bifid ribs, rib dysplasia, and intercostal fusion.

The term “intrathoracic rib” signifies abnormal location of a rib within the thoracic cavity.

 An intrathoracic rib is a rare and benign congenital anomaly of the thoracic cage. A Female cadaver had seven supernumerary intrathoracic ribs on the left side. Its location in the posterior mediastinum with lack of attachment to adjacent ribs( intercostal fusion) were unusual features. Most commonly accessory ribs are associated with right side but in the present study it was observed on left side.

Keywords: Intrathoracic rib, Supernumerary rib, intercostals fusion.

Corresponding Author

Dr. Sunita P. Bharati, MBBS, MD (Anatomy)

Assistant Professor, Dept of Anatomy

Sri Satya Sai Medical College & Research Institute,

Amapettai- 603108, Chennai (Tamil Nadu), India

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Abstract

This paper presents a combined Fast Gradient Projection Method with Gabor filter technique for removing the Rician noise present in MR images using general purpose Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) and MATLAB. In this work, the capability of GPUs such as processing tens of thousands of threads in parallel on the array of computing units were utilized to implement the various functions involved in the Rician noise removal algorithms in order to achieve higher computing speed required for real-time implementation. In the proposed method, the Gradient projection filter was employed to denoise and to identify the artifacts in the MR images. For estimating the performance of the proposed method, Rician noise of different levels were added to brain MR images and tested in the proposed algorithm. The results of this study reveal that the proposed method removes the Rician noise without affecting the diagnostic details. This is further supported through visual inspection as well as estimated performance metrics.

Keywords: Fast gradient projection, Gradient projection, GPU, Gabor filter, MRI, Rician Noise, PSNR

Corresponding Author

Damodaran Nedumaran

Central Instrumentation and Service Laboratory,

University of Madras, Guindy Campus,

Chennai 600 0025, Tamil Nadu, INDIA

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Abstract

Background And Objectives:Post-operative wound infections are considered as the commonest nosocomial infections after urinary tract infections and are responsible for the increasing cost, morbidity and mortality prolongs hospital stay.

Materials And Methods: Pus samples/ wound swabs were processed and identified by colony morphology, Gram’s stain and biochemical reactions. The antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed by CLSI recommended by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. 

Results: A total of 112 pus samples from post-operative wound infection from various departments were collected and processed in the department of Microbiology, during the study period. The most common microorganism isolated was Staphylococcus aureus (31.3%), followed by E.coli (26.1%), Pseudomonas sp (18%), CONS (8.2%), Klebsiella spp.(4.5%), Proteus sp.(3.7%), Enterobacter sp (3%), Streptococcus sp (2.2%), Citrobater freundii (1.5%) and Enterococcus sp.(1.5%). Among Gram negative isolates they showed sensitivity to only few available options like Imepenem (92.1%) followed by Amikacin(85.5%) and Piperacillin-Tazobactum (80.3%) and were resistant to most commonly used antibiotics. All Gram positive isolates found to be sensitive to Amikacin(89.7%), Linezolid(100%) and Vancomycin(100%).

Conclusion: The incidence of multi-drug resistant pathogens as a cause of postoperative wound infection is rising. Hence routine monitoring of drug susceptibility pattern helps to identify the resistance trends to suggest empirical treatment options to the clinicians.

Key Words: Post-operative wound infections, Nosocomial infection, Antibiotic susceptibility pattern, multi-drug resistant

Corresponding Author

Dr. Divya P

Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology

Vijayanagar Institute of Medical Sciences (VIMS), Ballari, Karnataka

Abstract

Objective: Recognition of nature of meconium stained amniotic fluid and its effect on perinatal outcome.

Methods: The exploratory study was designed at J.S.S Medical college and Hospital, Mysore, from December 2010 to July 2012.

Results: During the study 2764 patients admitted for delivery of which 236(8.72%) cases of meconium stained amniotic fluid were randomly studied.

ü  Thin meconium staining present in 81 cases and thick in 155 cases. Fetal heart variability was significantly high in thick meconium staining 59.35% and thin 30.86%

ü  Of the 236 meconium stained amniotic fliud,157 delivered by caesarean section  66 vaginally out of which 13 by forceps.

ü  Perinatal morbidity due to MAS was 9.61% and mortality 2.9%.

Conclusion: From this study, it is evident that meconium staining of liquor is a commonly observed phenomenon.  Presence of thick meconium in amniotic fluid has increased incidence of perinatal morbidity and morality, so it should be managed wisely by timely intervention, mode of delivery and neonatal resuscitation. This helps to reduce Meconium aspiration syndrome as a significant cause of perinatal mortality and morbidity.

Keywords: MSAF-Meconium stained amniotic fluid, MAS-Meconium aspiration syndrome.

Corresponding Author

Kavyashree.H.S

Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology

J.S.S.Medical College and Hospital, Mysore, Karnataka

Abstract

Introduction:- Dengue fever is a viral disease transmitted by mosquito  usually  aedes aegypti. Out breaks resembling dengue fever have been reported throughout history the first case reported throughout history. The first case report dates back from 1789 and is attributed to Benjamin rush who coined the term “break bone fever” because of symptoms of myalgia and etiology and the transmission by mosquitoes were only deciphered in the 20^th century spread globally.

Objectives: The aim of the present study is to assess the knowledge level regarding dengue fever among Multipurpose Health Workers (M.P.H.W) female students.

Materials & Methods: Quantitative research approach design was adopted for the study which was conducted in Narayana MPHW (F) Training Institution, 30 students were recruited in the study by non probability convenience sampling technique. Structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. Data was analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. Percentages of categorical variables were computed.

Results:The findings obtained from the demographic variables by the analysis of the data with selected samples are having 93.3% are having moderate knowledge and 3.4% having adequate knowledge.

There is significant relationship between the religion and level of knowledge regarding prevention of dengue fever.

Conclusion: Structured teaching programme is necessary to improve the knowledge level among M.P.H.W (F) students.

Keywords: Multipurpose health workers (F) students, dengue fever, knowledge level

Corresponding Author

Mary Vineela.P

Assistant Professor

Department of Community Health Nursing,

Narayana College of Nursing, Chinthareddypalem, Nellore,   Andhra Pradesh, India

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Abstract

An unexpected fall of an adult man into a dry well leads to an unusual injury of the right upper limb leading to permanent crippling .this case report dealt below is unusual in the sense, that such type of injury generally do not takes, place when a person falls from the height of approximately 30 feet into a gravel and pebble filled bed of the well. The following narration is presented bellow sequentially.

Keyword: Dry well, submersible pump, amputation of limb, coast of alcoholism

Corresponding Author

Dr Mohammad Asrarul Haque

MBBS, MD (std), JR-III

Department of Forensic Medicine, J N Medical College

Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh 202 002 India

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Abstract

Background-Viral Encephalitis has existed in world from time immemorial and has concurrently inflicted hazardous and lethal diseases to human beings. The most challenging aspect of viral encephalitis infection is its definite diagnosis.

Objectives-The present study was carried out in tertiary centre to find out the incidence, the various diagnostic modalities-conventional CSF and hematological analysis as well as the newer molecular techniques PCR and RTPCR and Clinicopathologic correlation of Acute Viral Encephalitis Syndrome.

Material & Method-The study was a one year prospective study carried out in JA Group of Hospitals in greater Gwalior region. It included collection of blood and CSF samples of 120cases and 120 controls and determining the etiological agents of dreadful illness by conventional and newer molecular techniques RTPCR and Taqman Real Time PCR.

Results- The incidence of Acute Viral Encephalitis in our study was found to be 5.8%. Males were more commonly affected and the incidence was found to be more in children less then 10 years of age. Enterovirus(EV) and Measles was identified as the most common etiological agents in Greater Gwalior region. Out of 7 positive cases 5 were detected in CSF and 2 were in serum indicating specificity of CSF more than serum. CSF Pleocytosis was seen in 61 cases out of 120.

Conclusion– Newer molecular techniques used for specific diagnosis can prove a big asset to society as they facilitate the early diagnosis of Acute viral encephalitis and reduce the morbidity and mortality. Diagnosis of Acute Viral Encephalitis has improved remarkably with application of Rapid molecular techniques eg RTPCR (Reverse Transcription)and Real time RTPCR  for early detection & identification of virus in clinically suspected samples.

Key words: CSF, Viral Encephalitis, encephalopathy, Agarose gel electrophoresis, PCR, RTPCR.

Corresponding Author

Dr Reena Jain MD

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Abstract

Mothers and children are the basic foundation of a society and its wealth. Pregnancy is a crucial period where the Mother tends to take care of hersel for safe delivery and to have a healthy baby.

Objectives: The aim of the present study is to assess the level of knowledge regarding home management of  minor ailments during pregnancy.

Materials & Methods: Quantitative research approach with descriptive research design was adopted for the study which was conducted in Saraswathi nagar at Nellore. 30 pregnant women were recruited in the study by non probability convenience sampling technique. Knowledge questionnaire was used to collect the data. Data was analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. Percentages of categorical variables were computed.

Results: In the present study, with regard to level of knowledge on home management of minor ailments  among pregnant women, 9 (30%) had good knowledge, 11(36.67%) had average knowledge and  10(33.33%)) had poor knowledge. The mean is 15.83 and standard deviation is 3.9. There is a significant association between the level of knowledge regarding home management of minor aliments with socio demographic variables like religion, educational status and income and has no significant association with age, occupation and type of family.

Conclusion: Assessment of knowledge is very helpful for improving the knowledge on  home management of minor ailments among pregnant women.

Key Words:  Knowledge, home management, minor ailments and pregnant women

Corresponding Author

Vanaja Kumari.B

Professor & HOD, Department of Community Health Nursing,

Narayana College of Nursing,

Chinthareddypalem, Andhrapradesh, India

Abstract

Introduction: The association of Peripheral Neuropathy and Chronic Alcoholism in man has long been known. Neuropathy usually occurs after many years of drinking. The present study is undertaken with the aim of studying Electrophysiological patterns in Chronic Alcoholics who have not had any of the symptoms

Materials and Methods: The study group consisted of attendants of patients attending Neurology OP  at Andhra Medical College who were asymptomatic and were having a habit of regular alcohol intake.   The instrument used was VIKING SELECT EMG machine provided by VIASYS HEALTH CARE Ltd. The Nerves selected for the Study are Ulnar nerve, Radial nerve, Sural nerve, Common peroneal nerve, Tibial nerve.

Results: The findings in our study were decreased amplitude of compound muscle action potential recorded in common peroneal nerves, decreased amplitude of sensory nerve action potential recorded in radial nerves (49%).

Conclusion: In our study the radial sensory recordings and peroneal motor recordings are more common abnormal findings. Inference is these nerves are more vulnerable for compression during inebriated state due to their superficial position.

Keywords: Nerve conduction, Asymptomatic Alcoholics

Corresponding Author

Dr. Swaroop Chand Bhansali M.D,

Assistant  Professor of Physiology

GITAM Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Rushikonda Visakhapatnam – 530045

Andhra Pradesh, India.

Mobile no. +919849149061

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Abstract

Aim:The present study is to examine the changes in memory of health science students with meditation.

Materials and Methods: Fifty healthy health science students in the age group of 17-23 were considered for the study.  They were trained to practice meditation technique for 12 weeks and  their memory was assessed using PGI (Post Graduate Institute) Memory scale before and after intervention at Annapoorana Medical College, Salem, Tamilnadu, India.

Result and Conclusion:Results suggest that after practicing meditation there was a significant improvement in memory comparing with memory level before meditation. These results may be due to personality development, higher concentration and reduction of distraction thoughts (mind wandering) due to meditation training.

Keywords:Meditation, Memory, Cognitive function.

Corresponding Author

Sheela Joice P.P

Research Scholar Vinayaka Missions University

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