Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a clinico-pathologic entity characterized by excessive proliferation and activation of lymphocytes and histiocytes causing hemophagocytosis and other clinical manifestations. HLH can be primary or secondary. Secondary HLH is caused by infections, autoimmune diseases, or malignancies. Infection associated HLH is commonly associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV). But Parvovirus B19 (B19) infection is rare. HLH is likely under-recognized, which contributes to its high morbidity and mortality. Early diagnosis is crucial for appropriate therapy and good prognosis. Here we are presenting a case of 57 year old female with HLH associated with Parvovirus B19 infection in a background of Delta-Beta thalassemia.

Keywords: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, Parvovirus B19, cytokines, Serum Ferritin, hemolyticanemia.

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Poornakala S

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