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Abstract
There are At least 12000 species of fungi that can be considered as mushrooms with at least 2000 species showing various degrees of edibility. To date, only about 35 mushrooms species have been cultivated commercially, and about 20 are currently on an industrial scale. The majority of these cultivated species are both edible and posses certain medicinal properties [6].
Mushrooms are in prime focus in the food industry for their multi-functional benefits. They are gaining popularity owing to their high nutritional values and are gradually approaching a “super food†status. Mushrooms are a rich source of proteins and have very low or zero fat and cholesterol, and hence are widely accepted in most of the regions of the world. Increase in the consumption of processed food across the world is one of the major driving factors of the mushroom market. Being a promising and profitable business, mushroom cultivation is widely adopted by growers. Factors such as R&D and innovations to enhance the acceptability and continuous improving technologies to increase mushroom shelf-life are also projected to drive the mushroom market in the next five years.
Technological developments in the mushroom industry in general have witnessed increasing production capacities, innovations in cultivation technologies, improvements to final mushroom goods, and utilization of mushrooms' natural qualities for environmental benefits, mainly due to contributions from developing countries such as China, India, and Vietnam. However, there is always the need to maintain current trends and to continue to seek out new opportunities. The challenge is to recognize opportunities such as increasing consumption capabilities with the increase in world population and to take advantage of this by promoting the consumption of mushrooms. Those countries, in which mushroom cultivation is not yet well established, will find difficulty to cope with the new competitive circumstances generated by globalisation. Some insights into biotechnological development of mushroom production in the world are reviewed in this paper.
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