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Abstract
National AIDS Control Council and the Ministry of Education Science and Technology in Kenya developed
the 2004 Education Sector Policy on HIV and AIDS. The policy was intended to reduce HIV/AIDS infection
and stigmatisation of people living with HIV in the education sector. However, it is not known how
implementation of the policy has affected students’ knowledge and their attitude towards sexual behaviour
in secondary schools in Coast Region of Kenya. The research study investigated the students’ knowledge of
HIV/AIDS and their attitude towards sexual behaviour in secondary schools in coast region of Kenya. The
target population was 108693 respondents in 362 public secondary schools in the Coast Region of Kenya.
Purposive and random sampling methods were used to choose the participants. The samples comprised of
388 students of which 193 were Form 1 and 195 were Form 4 students in 13 secondary schools. The validity
of the questionnaires was checked experts at Chuka University. Test-retest method was used to compute
reliability coefficient from the data collected from the pilot study. Reliability coefficient for the instruments
was 0.8. The descriptive statistics used were frequencies and percentage. Chi-squire statistics was used to
test the hypotheses in the study. The hypotheses testing were done at α = 0.05 levels of significance and the
analyses was done using SPSS computer programme version 20.0. The findings showed that there was a
positive relationship between Form 1 and Form 4 students’ knowledge of HIV/AIDS in secondary schools in
Coast Region of Kenya. The study also revealed that there was negative relationship between Form 1 and
Form 4 students’ attitude towards sexual behaviour. It was recommended that secondary schools should
enhance the teaching of HIV/AIDS\education in order to reduce HIV infection AIDS among secondary
students in Coast region, Kenya.