Title: Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation: Etiological and Clinical Profile
Authors: Dr Nuvvula Siva Krishna MD; (DM), Dr P. Chandrasekhar MD; DM, Dr C. SAYEE Sankar Vinod MD; (DM), Dr Satya Kumar Kothakota MD; (DM), Dr Punugupati Mahesh MD; (DM), Dr Tirumala Narendra Sreekanth MD; (DM), Dr S. Pervez Nawaz MD; (DM)
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v11i8.11
Abstract
Introduction
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia with an estimated global prevalence of 37.574 million cases (0.51% of the world population) 1
AF has a heterogeneous clinical presentation and can be asymptomatic. It is often associated with heart disease but may occur in patient with no other detectable cardiac disease.1
By convention, the term "nonvalvular AF" is restricted to cases in which the rhythm disturbance occurs in the absence of mitral valve disease, a prosthetic heart valve or mitral valve repair.6
AF has significant morbidity and mortality due to the occurrence of both hemodynamic impairment and thromboembolic events.
The hemodynamic impairment and rhythm disturbances may be symptomatic and can lead to a decrease in the quality of life. However, most of the mortality and functional impairment associated with AF is due to ischemic stroke and other systemic emboli. The frequency of ischemic stroke and systemic embolism in patients with nonvalvular AF is approximately 5% per year that is about 2 to 7 times the rate for patient without AF. 2
Mortality in AF patient is double that of patients in normal sinus rhythm this islinked with the severity of the underlying heart disease.3
The risk of stroke and systemic embolism in patients with AF is determined by patient risk factors. Risk factors for stroke and systemic embolism in patient with nonvalvular AF are a history of previous stroke of transient ischemic attacks (TIA), a history of hypertension, left ventricular dysfunction (LVD) or congestive heart failure (CHF), age (over 75years), diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease.4
Patients without any of these risk factors i.e. lone AF, have a more favourable prognosis, In the Framingham heart study, patient with rheumatic heart disease and AF had a 17- fold increased risk of stroke compared with age matched controls and the attributed risk was 5 time greater than in those with non-rheumatic AF.5
The aim of the present was to study the epidemiology AND clinical profile of nonvalvular atrial fibrillation
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