Title: Clinico-Etiological Profile and Outcome of Children with first Seizure at Tertiary Care Centre
Authors: Arpita D. Adhikari, Sharandeep Kaur G. Siddhu, Mona P.Gajre
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v11i3.31
Abstract
Aim: Seizure is the most common paediatric neurologic disorder. The aim is to study the clinico-etiological profile in children aged 1month to 12 years presenting with first seizure at a tertiary care hospital.
Methods: This is a retrospective observational study carried out on 328 children between age group 1month to 12 year who were admitted with first episode of seizure in our tertiary care hospital over period of one year (Jan 2022- Dec 2022). A detailed case record form was filled which included the sociodemographic profile, clinical features, neuroimaging findings, cerebrospinal (CSF) findings, Electroencephalographic (EEG) findings. This data was analysed by IBM SPSS software. We studied the type of seizure (ILAE classification of seizure 2017), aetiology of seizure and the outcome.
Results: The male–female ratio among patients was 1.2: 1. Highest number of cases were noted in age group 5-12 years (48.1%). Total 10.1% cases had family history of seizure. Abnormal birth history was observed in 27.1% cases and abnormal development was observed in 26.5% cases. Seizures of generalized onset were most common (74.1%).Generalized seizures were present mostly in age group of 5-12 years (31.1%) followed by the age group 1-5 years (28.4%) and the age group 1 month to 1 year (14.6%) respectively. The aetiologies were epilepsy syndrome (32.3%), structural (25%), infective (12.2%), febrile seizure (10%), unknown (10%), and metabolic (8%) with immune (0.6%) being the least common. CSF examination was done in 33 cases of which 79% had abnormal finding. Neuroimaging was done in 146 cases,of which 53% had abnormal finding. EEG was done in 196 cases, with 47% showed abnormal findings. Majority of patient had no neuro-deficit on discharge (93%), 6.7% cases had neuro-deficit and 0.3% cases had mortality.
Conclusions: Male preponderance was noted. Highest number of cases were seen in age group 5-12 years of age. Generalised onset seizure was the most common type. In our study Epilepsy syndrome (32.3%) and structural (25%) were the most common aetiology followed by infective(12.2%) and febrile seizure (10%). About 10 % of children had epilepsy of unknown aetiology. In our study only 6.7 % cases had neurological deficit.
Keywords: First seizure, Epilepsy, EEG,CSF, MRI, outcome.
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