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Category: Volume 11 Issue 03 March 2023
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Title: Recurrence of Tuberculosis can be hurdle for TB Control

Authors: Dr Rajendra Tatu Nanavare, Dr Mrs. Namrata Kaur Bhui, Dr Shashikant R. Gangawane, Dr Surabhi Chourasiya, Dr Nityanand Maurya

 DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v11i3.23

Abstract

Introduction

Tuberculosis (TB) is a global disease, found in every country in the world. It is one of the leading infectious causes of death worldwide. The World Health Organization estimates that 1.8 billion people close to one quarter of the world's population are infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb), the bacteria that causes TB. Last year, 10.6 million fell ill from TB and 1.6 million died. TB is an airborne disease that can be spread by coughing or sneezing and is the leading cause of infectious disease worldwide. It is responsible for economic devastation with the cycle of poverty and illness that entraps families, communities and even entire countries. Among the most vulnerable are women, children, and those with HIV/AIDS. There is growing resistance to available drugs, which means the disease is becoming more deadly and difficult to treat. There were more than half a million cases of drug resistant TB last year.(1) 

The current WHO guidelines for the treatment of drug-susceptible pulmonary TB have recommended a 6-month regimen comprising four first-line anti-TB drugs in the intensive phase (for 2 months) and two drugs in the continuation phase (for 4 months) i.e.  2 months of Isoniazid/ Rifampicin/Pyrazinamide/Ethambutoland 4 months of Isoniazid/Rifampicin (2HRZE/4HR).(2)

India and TB: With 28% cases, India was among the eight countries accounting for more than two-third (68.3%) of the total TB patients’ count. The other countries were Indonesia (9.2% cases), China (7.4%), the Philippines (7%), Pakistan (5.8%), Nigeria (4.4%), Bangladesh (3.6%) and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (2.9%). India accounted for 36% of the global TB related deaths among HIV negative people. India was among the three countries (along with Indonesia and the Philippines) that accounted for most of the reduction in 2020 (67% of the global) and made partial recoveries in 2021.(1)

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Corresponding Author

Dr Rajendra Tatu Nanavare

Chest Physician (SMC) and Unit head IV Group of T.B. Hospitals, Sewri, Mumbai-15