Details
Category: Volume 09 Issue 04 April 2021
Hits: 780

Title: Prevalent non-tuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) species among presumptive MTBDR patients from peripheral health facilities referred for testing at KEMRI TB Laboratory-Kisumu, Kenya

Authors: Okumu Albert, Asito Stephen, Omondi Isaiah, Ogollah Christine, Shiluli Clement, Murithi Wilfred, Odero Ronald, Malika Timothy, Wandiga Steve

 DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v9i4.27

Abstract

Objectives: The aim of this study was to establish prevalent Nontuberculosis Mycobacteria among presumptive multi-drug resistant TB (MDRTB) patients in western Kenya. Sputum samples obtained from laboratory confirmed MDRTB patients were processed using standard culture methods, fluorescence microscopy (FM), MGIT culture, Xpert MTB/RIF. Mycobacteria tuberculosis complex (MTBc) and NTM were identified using line probe assays techniques.

Results: Between January 2012 to December 2015, a total of 287 samples from presumptive MDRTB individuals were flagged positive with liquid culture (MGIT), subsequently had line probe assay (LPA) performed for potential nontuberculous mycobacteria species. Of these, 155 (54%) had NTMs and 14 (4.87%) MTBc by LPA technique, respectively. Males constituted 140(49%) of which 64 (22.3%) were HIV infected, while females were a total of 160(55.7%), with 96 (33.4%) HIV infected. 41(14.3%) individuals with unknown HIV status. M. intracellulare 62(21.6%), and M. scrofulaceum 13(4.5%) were most prevalent NTMs species identified. 

Keywords: Nontuberculous mycobacteria, multidrug resistance tuberculosis, pulmonary, diagnosis, line probe assay, microscopy.

References

  1. World Health Organization. (2020). Global tuberculosis report 2020. In Global tuberculosis report 2020.
  2. Sester, M., C. Giehl, R. McNerney, B. Kampmann, G. Walzl, P. Cuchi, C. Wingfield, C. Lange, G. B. Migliori, A. L. Kritski, A. Meyerhans, A. European Network for global cooperation in the field of and Tb (2010). "Challenges and perspectives for improved management of HIV/Mycobacterium tuberculosis co-infection." Eur Respir J 36(6): 1242-1247.
  3. Johnson, M. M. and J. A. Odell (2014). "Nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary infections." J Thorac Dis 6(3): 210-220.
  4. Herzmann, C. and C. Lange (2010). "[Infections with non-tuberculous mycobacteria and HIV]." Dtsch Med Wochenschr 135(23): 1192-1197.
  5. Agrawal, S., I. Singh, K. J. Kaur, S. R. Bhade, C. L. Kaul and R. Panchagnula (2004). "Comparative bioavailability of rifampicin, isoniazid and pyrazinamide from a four drug fixed dose combination with separate formulations at the same dose levels." Int J Pharm 276(1-2): 41-49.
  6. Singh, A. K., A. K. Maurya, J. Umrao, S. Kant, R. A. Kushwaha, V. L. Nag and T. N. Dhole (2013). "Role of GenoType((R)) Mycobacterium Common Mycobacteria/ Additional Species Assay for Rapid Differentiation Between Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex and Different Species of Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria." J Lab Physicians 5(2): 83-89.
  7. Katoch, V. M. (2004). "Infections due to non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM)." Indian J Med Res 120(4): 290-304.
  8. Ratnatunga, C. N., V. P. Lutzky, A. Kupz, D. L. Doolan, D. W. Reid, M. Field, S. C. Bell, R. M. Thomson and J. J. Miles (2020). "The Rise of Non-Tuberculosis Mycobacterial Lung Disease." Front Immunol 11: 303.
  9. Kahkouee, S., E. Esmi, A. Moghadam, M. B. Karam, L. Mosadegh, S. Salek and P. Tabarsi (2013). "Multidrug resistant tuberculosis versus non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections: a CT-scan challenge." Braz J Infect Dis 17(2): 137-142.
  10. Chopra, K. K., Z. Sidiq, M. Hanif and K. K. Dwivedi (2020). "Advances in the diagnosis of tuberculosis- Journey from smear microscopy to whole genome sequencing." Indian J Tuberc 67(4S): S61-S68.
  11. Vesga, J. F., T. B. Hallett, M. J. A. Reid, K. S. Sachdeva, R. Rao, S. Khaparde, P. Dave, K. Rade, M. Kamene, E. Omesa, E. Masini, N. Omale, E. Onyango, P. Owiti, M. Karanja, R. Kiplimo, S. Alexandru, V. Vilc, V. Crudu, S. Bivol, C. Celan and N. Arinaminpathy (2019). "Assessing tuberculosis control priorities in high-burden settings: a modelling approach." Lancet Glob Health 7(5): e585-e595.
  12. Masini, E. O., O. Mansour, C. E. Speer, V. Addona, C. L. Hanson, J. K. Sitienei, H. K. Kipruto, M. M. Githiomi and B. N. Mungai (2016). "Using Survival Analysis to Identify Risk Factors for Treatment Interruption among New and Retreatment Tuberculosis Patients in Kenya." PLoS One 11(10): e0164172.
  13. Donohue, M. J., J. H. Mistry, J. M. Donohue, K. O'Connell, D. King, J. Byran, T. Covert and S. Pfaller (2015). "Increased Frequency of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Detection at Potable Water Taps within the United States." Environ Sci Technol 49(10): 6127-6133.
  14. Maurya, A. K., V. L. Nag, S. Kant, R. A. Kushwaha, M. Kumar, A. K. Singh and T. N. Dhole (2015). "Prevalence of nontuberculous mycobacteria among extrapulmonary tuberculosis cases in tertiary care centers in Northern India." Biomed Res Int 2015: 465403.
  15. Shahraki, A. H., P. Heidarieh, S. Z. Bostanabad, A. D. Khosravi, M. Hashemzadeh, S. Khandan, M. Biranvand, D. E. Schraufnagel and M. Mirsaeidi (2015). ""Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis" may be nontuberculous mycobacteria." Eur J Intern Med 26(4): 279-284.
  16. Watterson, S. A., S. M. Wilson, M. D. Yates and F. A. Drobniewski (1998). "Comparison of three molecular assays for rapid detection of rifampin resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis." J Clin Microbiol 36(7): 1969-1973.
  17. Ahmed, S. T., A. A. Alsudani, R. M. Ali, B. A. Shihab and S. A. Hussein (2016). "Nontuberculosis Mycobacteria: Isolation from clinical samples in Iraq." Int J Mycobacteriol 5 Suppl 1: S79.
  18. Hwang, S. M., M. S. Lim, Y. J. Hong, T. S. Kim, K. U. Park, J. Song, J. H. Lee and E. C. Kim (2013). "Simultaneous detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and nontuberculous mycobacteria in respiratory specimens." Tuberculosis (Edinb) 93(6): 642-646.
  19. Hasegawa, N., T. Miura, K. Ishii, K. Yamaguchi, T. H. Lindner, S. Merritt, J. D. Matthews and S. H. Siddiqi (2002). "New simple and rapid test for culture confirmation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex: a multicenter study." J Clin Microbiol 40(3): 908-912.
  20. Aliyu, G., S. S. El-Kamary, A. Abimiku, C. Brown, K. Tracy, L. Hungerford and W. Blattner (2013). "Prevalence of non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections among tuberculosis suspects in Nigeria." PLoS One 8(5): e63170.
  21. Park, S. C., M. J. Kang, C. H. Han, S. M. Lee, C. J. Kim, J. M. Lee and Y. A. Kang (2019). "Prevalence, incidence, and mortality of nontuberculous mycobacterial infection in Korea: a nationwide population-based study." BMC Pulm Med 19(1): 140.
  22. Lapinel, N. C., S. E. Jolley, J. Ali and D. A. Welsh (2019). "Prevalence of non-tuberculous mycobacteria in HIV-infected patients admitted to hospital with pneumonia." Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 23(4): 491-497.
  23. Lin, S., S. Wei, Y. Zhao, J. Lin and Y. Pang (2019). "Epidemiology Of Human Pulmonary Infection With Nontuberculous Mycobacteria In Southeast China: A Prospective Surveillance Study." Infect Drug Resist 12: 3515-3521.
  24. Alvaro-Meca, A., L. Rodriguez-Gijon, A. Diaz, A. Gil and S. Resino (2015). "Trends in nontuberculous mycobacterial disease in hospitalized subjects in Spain (1997-2010) according to HIV infection." HIV Med 16(8): 485-493.
  25. WHO (2018). "World Health Organization " Tuberculosis report (http://www.euro.who.int, EUR/TB/FS05).
  26. Damaraju, D., F. Jamieson, P. Chedore and T. K. Marras (2013). "Isolation of non-tuberculous mycobacteria among patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in Ontario, Canada." Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 17(5): 676-681.
  27. Winthrop, K. L., E. McNelley, B. Kendall, A. Marshall-Olson, C. Morris, M. Cassidy, A. Saulson and K. Hedberg (2010). "Pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial disease prevalence and clinical features: an emerging public health disease." Am J Respir Crit Care Med 182(7): 977-982.

Corresponding Author

Okumu Albert

Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) Center for Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya