Title: Study of Organisms Causing Surgical Site Infections in abdominal surgeries and their Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern in Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Dr P.Vigneshwaran, Dr N.Junior Sundresh, Dr D.Gopikrishna, Dr R.Logesh Kumar, Dr A.P.S.Gurupraveen
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v8i10.26
Abstract
Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is an important postoperative complication. Even after improving the operating room practices, sterilization methods for instruments, better surgical technique and the best efforts of infection prevention practitioners, surgical site infections (SSIs) remain a major cause of nosocomial infections and their rates are increasing globally. E.coli, Staph. aureus, Pseudomonas are some of the common microbes causing SSI.
Objectives: To identify the common pathogens that causes SSI in emergency abdominal surgeries.
Materials and Methods: This prospective study involves following up the patients in general surgery department from December 2018 to December 2019 undergoing emergency abdominal surgeries. Patients are followed up for 30 days from the date of surgery. The wound is observed during dressing for any purulent discharge and aspectic swab culture done and processed by gram staining, cultured in agar to isolate the infective organism. Antimicrobial susceptibility also done by disc diffusion method.
Results: Over one half of the isolates were gram positive cocci and rest were gram negative bacilli. Staph. aureus was the commonest pathogen followed by E.coli and Enterococci. Staphylococcus isolated was found to be penicillin resistant, susceptibility to tetracyclin is 55.5%, that of clindamycin is 66.66%.
Conclusion: SSI is more common in contaminated abdominal surgeries than clean abdominal surgeries. The rate increases with increase in degree of contamination. To control the SSI, reducing the preoperative hospital stay, prophylactic antibiotic usage and reducing the duration of surgery are necessary.
Keywords: Surgical site infections, Nosocomial infection, contaminated abdominal surgeries.
References
1. Public Health Agency. Protocol for the Surveillance of Surgical Site Infection, Version 5. Wellington House, London: Public Health Agency; 2011.
- Anirudha S, Mundhada ST. Study of organisms causing surgical site infection and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern in Tertiary care Govt. Hospital. Indian J Pathol Microbial 2015; 58:195-200.
- Dessie W. Pattern of bacterial pathogens and their susceptibility isolated from surgical site infections at selected referral centers, Ethiopia. Int J Microbial 2016; 2016:8.
- Kaxi MT, Ghostaslou R. Antimicrobial Susceptibility pattern of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria isolated from surgical site infection of hospitalised patients. Junnidspur J Microbiol 2015;8:1-7.
- Collee JG, Duguid JP, Fraser AG, Marimon BP, Simmons A. Laboratory strategy in diagnosis of infective syndromes. In: Colle JG, Marimon BP, Fraser AG, Simmons A, editors. Mackie and McCartney Practical Medical Microbiology. 14th London: Churchil Livingstone; 2006. p. 53-94.
- Colle JG, Marr W. Specimen collection, culture container and media. In; Colle JG, Marimon BP, Fraser AG, Simmons A, editors. Mackie and McCartney Practical Medical Microbiology. 14th London: Churchil Livingstone; 2006. p. 53-94.
- Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing; Twenty-Fourth Informational Supplement, CLSI Document M100-S24. 11th Wayne, PA: Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute; 2014.
- Lilani SP, Jangale N, Chaudhary A, Daver GB. Surgical site infection in clean and clean-contaminated Indian J Microbiol 2005;23:249-52.
- Kahsay A, Mihret A. Isolation and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Staphylococcus aureus in patients with SSI. Arch Public Health 2014;72:16.
- Satadekar H, Satadekar R, Wasanik V. Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacterial isolates from wound infections and their sensitivity to antibiotic agent in super speciality hospital, India. Indian J Res Med Sci2015;3:433-9.
- Bhave P, Kartikeyan S, Ramteerthakar M.Bacteriological study of SSI in a tertiary care hospital at Miraj, Maharashtra state, India. Int J Res Med Sci2016;4:2630-5.
- Mujumdar D, Bordoloi JN, Phukan AC, Mahanta Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern among methicillin resistant staphylococcus isolates in Assam. Indian J Med Microbiol 2001;19:138-40.
- Otens CD, Stoesel K. Surgical site infection epidemiology, microbiology, prevention. J Hosp Infect 2008; 70:3-10.