Details
Category: Volume 08 Issue 09 September 2020
Hits: 1263

Title: Convalescent plasma therapy and COVID-19

Authors: Dr Mital. Patani, Dr Nitin Patani, Dr Angel Espinosa

 DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v8i9.19

Abstract

COVID-19 is a pandemic outbreak caused by a new coronavirus, SARS-COV-2. Corona infects almost all the countries of the World. Currently, the research on COVID -19 vaccination is still in the empirical stage. COVID is closely related to the original SARS-CoV outbreak in 2003 and convalescent plasma has a very long history of use in the treatment of infectious disease, so based on the previous study on other pandemics viral infectious disease, we try to find evidence to prove the effectiveness of convalescent plasma for the treatment of COVID-19.  Treatment of COVID-19 using the convalescent plasma of recovered COVID-19 donors for the treatment of severe COVID-19 cases could be a better option. The convalescent plasma contains specific IgG and IgM anti–SARS-CoV-19 antibodies, which can neutralize the virus. However, the implementation of a convalescent plasma transfusion program might need comprehensive planning. Concluded that for patient safety, use convalescent plasma therapy along with other symptomatic and clinical treatment as possible as in the early stage of infection.

Keywords: Convalescent plasma (CP), Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).

References

  1. Blajchman M.A. Protecting the blood supply from emerging pathogens: the role of pathogen inactivation Transfus Clin Biol, 16 (2009), pp. 70-74
  2. Dodd R.Y. Emerging pathogens and their implications for the blood supply and transfusion transmitted infections Br J Haematol, 159 (2012), pp. 135-142
  3. Breban R., Riou J., Fontanet A.Interhuman transmissibility of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: estimation of pandemic risk Lancet, 382 (2013), pp. 694-699
  4. Zumla A, Chan JF, Azhar EI, Hui DS, Yuen KY. Coronaviruses—drug discovery and therapeutic options. Nature reviews Drug discovery. 2016 May;15(5):327.
  5. Wang M, Cao R, Zhang L, Yang X, Liu J, Xu M, et al. Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in vitro. Cell Res 2020;30(3):269–271.
  6. Vincent MJ, Bergeron E, Benjannet S, Erickson BR, Rollin PE, Ksiazek TG, et al. Chloroquine is a potent inhibitor of SARS coronavirus infection and spread. Virol J 2005;2(1):69.
  7. Shanmugaraj B, Siriwattananon K, Wangkanont K, Phoolcharoen W. Perspectives on monoclonal antibody therapy as potential therapeutic intervention for Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol 2020;38(1):10–18.
  8. Tian X, Li C, Huang A, Xia S, Lu S, Shi Z, et al. Potent binding of 2019 novel coronavirus spike protein by a SARS coronavirus-specific human monoclonal antibody. Emerg Microbes Infect 2020;9(1):382–385.
  9. Kong L.K., Zhou B.P.Successful treatment of avian influenza with convalescent plasma Hong Kong Med J, 12 (2006), p. 489
  10. Leider J.P., Brunker P.A., Ness P.M.Convalescent transfusion for pandemic influenza: preparing blood banks for a new plasma product? Transfusion, 50 (2010), pp. 1384-1398
  11. Zingher  A.,  Mortimer P. Convalescent whole blood, plasma and serum in the prophylaxis of measles: JAMA, 12 April, 1926; 1180–1187 Rev Med Virol, 15 (2005), pp. 407-418 discussion 18–21
  12. Luke T.C., Kilbane E.M., Jackson J.L., Hoffman S.L.Meta-analysis: convalescent blood products for Spanish influenza pneumonia: a future H5N1 treatment? Ann Intern Med, 145 (2006), pp. 599-609
  13. Gunn W.Convalescent serum in prophylaxis of measles, chicken-pox, and mumps Br Med J, 1 (1932), pp. 183-185
  14. McGuinness AC, Stokes J, Mudd S. The clinical uses of human serums preserved by the lyophile process. J. Clin. Invest. 16(2), 185–196 (1937).
  15. Stoll HF. Value of convalescent blood and serum in treatment of influenzal pneumonia. JAMA 73(7), 478 (1919).
  16. Berger M. A history of immune globulin therapy, from the Harvard crash program to monoclonal antibodies. Curr. Allergy Asthma Rep. 2(5), 368–378 (2002).
  17. Dewar HA. Treatment of typhoid fever with convalescent whole blood. J. R. Army Med. Corps 86, 249–253 (1946).
  18. Emond RT, Evans B, Bowen ET, Lloyd G. A case of Ebola virus infection. Br. Med. J. 2(6086), 541–544 (1977).
  19. Mupapa K, Massamba M, Kibadi K et al. Treatment of Ebola hemorrhagic fever with blood transfusions from convalescent patients. International Scientific and Technical Committee. J. Infect. Dis. 179(Suppl. 1), S18–S23 (1999).
  20. Hung IF, To KK, Lee CK, Lee KL, Chan K, Yan WW, Liu R, Watt CL, Chan WM, Lai KY, Koo CK. Convalescent plasma treatment reduced mortality in patients with severe pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 virus infection. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2011 Feb 15;52(4):447-56.
  21. Van Griensven J, Edwards T, de Lamballerie X, Semple MG, Gallian P, Baize S, Horby PW, Raoul H, Magassouba NF, Antierens A, Lomas C. Evaluation of convalescent plasma for Ebola virus disease in Guinea. New England Journal of Medicine. 2016 Jan 7;374(1):33-42.
  22. Wong G, Kobinger GP. Backs against the wall: novel and existing strategies used during the 2014–2015 Ebola virus outbreak. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 28(3), 593–601 (2015).
  23. Luke TC, Kilbane EM, Jackson JL, Hoffman SL. Meta-analysis: convalescent blood products for Spanish influenza pneumonia: a future H5N1 treatment? Annals of internal medicine. 2006 Oct 17; 145(8):599-609.
  24. Yoo JH. Convalescent Plasma Therapy for Corona Virus Disease 2019: a Long Way to Go but Worth Trying. Journal of Korean Medical Science. 2020 Feb 17;35(14).
  25. Mupapa K, Massamba M, Kibadi K et al. Treatment of Ebola hemorrhagic fever with blood transfusions from convalescent patients. International Scientific and Technical Committee. J. Infect. Dis. 179(Suppl. 1), S18–S23 (1999).
  26. Emond RT, Evans B, Bowen ET, Lloyd G. A case of Ebola virus infection. Br. Med. J. 2(6086), 541–544 (1977).
  27. I. Lee, P. R. Hsueh, Emerging threats from zoonotic coronaviruses-from SARS and MERS to 2019-nCoV. J. Microbiol. Immunol. Infect., in press.
  28. Chen, J. Xiong, L. Bao, Y. Shi, Convalescent plasma as a potential therapy for COVID-19. Lancet Infect. Dis. 20, 398–400 (2020).
  29. Duan K, Liu B, Li C, Zhang H, Yu T, Qu J, Zhou M, Chen L, Meng S, Hu Y, Peng C. The feasibility of convalescent plasma therapy in severe COVID-19 patients: a pilot study. medRxiv. 2020 Jan 1.
  30. Shen C, Wang  Z, Zhao  F,  et al.  Treatment of 5 critically ill patients with COVID-19 with convalescent plasma. JAMA... Published online March 27, 2020
  31. Zhang B, Liu S, Tan T, et al. Treatment with convalescent plasma for critically ill patients with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Chest. 2020;S0012‐ 3692(20):30571‐30577
  32. K. Duan et al., Effectiveness of convalescent plasma therapy in severe COVID-19 patients. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 117, 9490–9496 (2020).

Corresponding Author

Dr Mital. Patani

Ph.D., Scientific Writer, Crown Prince Training And Medical Research Center, Bahrain Defence Force Hospital, P.O. Box- 28743, Riffa, Kingdom of Bahrain