Details
Category: Volume 08 Issue 08 August 2020
Hits: 1069

Title: A Community Based Cross Sectional Study to Assess Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Adult Population Using Indian Diabetes Risk Score in Field Practice Area of Urban Health Training Centre, Jaipur

Authors: Neha Choudhary, Dilip Raj, Monika Rathore, Amita Kashyap

 DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v8i8.18

Abstract

Background: Diabetes is a chronic disease that occurs either when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or when the body cannot effectively use the insulin it produces1. There are mainly two types of diabetes; Type 1 and Type 2. Type 2 is the most common form and comprises of 90% of people with diabetes around the world. Early identification of the high risk individuals would help in taking appropriate intervention in the form of dietary changes and increasing physical activity, thus helping to prevent, or at least delay, the onset of diabetes.

Objective: To assess the risk of type 2 diabetes in the adult population using Indian Diabetes Risk Score in the field practice area of Urban Health Training Centre, Jaipur.

Material and Methods: A total of 400 individuals participated in the study and various parameters including physical activities, family history of diabetes were assessed using a questionnaire previously developed by Mohan V et al. The study tool has got 4 important factors like age, abdominal obesity, physical activity and family history of diabetes.

Results: Out of 400 patients; majority 195(48.75%) of the patients were from 35- 49 years of age; among that most (54.67%) of the patients were at moderate risk of diabetes. In this study 214(53.5%) of the patients belongs to moderate risk of diabetes; followed by high risk of diabetes 150 (37.5%) and the least was low risk of diabetes 36(9%). In high risk of diabetes most 38.6% were family history of diabetes of single parents, 53.3% were waist circumference >90cm in female and >100cm in male and 34.6% were doing mild exercise in day to day life.

Conclusion: Screening and early identification of high risk individuals would help to take appropriate intervention like lifestyle modification. It would also help in early diagnosis and treatment to prevent or to delay the onset of diabetes mellitus and its complications.

Keywords: Abdominal obesity, Diabetes, Family history of diabetes, Indian Diabetes Risk Score, Physical activity.

References

  1. World Health Organization. Fact Sheet No.312: What is Diabetes? Available at: http:// www.who.iny/mediacentre/factsheets/fs312/en/ Accessed on: 2009.
  2. International Diabetes Federation. Diabetes Atlas. 4th edn. Brusesls: International Diabetes Federation, 2009
  3. Mohan V, Deepa R, Deepa M, Somannavar S, Datta M. A Simplified Indian Diabetes Risk Score for Screening for Undiagnosed Diabetic Subjects. JAPI 2005; 53:759-63.
  4. Shashank R Joshi. Indian Diabetes Risk Score. JAPI 2005;53:755-7
  5. Ahmad J, Masoodi MA, Ashraf M, Rashid R, Ahmad R, Ahmed A et al. Prevalence of diabetes mellitus and its risk factors in age group of 20 years and above in Kashmir, India. Al Ameen J Med Sci. 2011;4(1):38– 44
  6. Shah B. Development of sentinel health monitoring centers for surveillance of risk factors of non-communicable diseases in India (April 2003 to March 2005). Collated results of six centers. New Delhi: Division of Non-communicable Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research; 2005 (http://www.who.int/chp/steps/IndiaSTEPSReport 6 Centers.pdf, accessed 22 February 2016)
  7. Patil RS, Gothankar JS. Assessment of risk of type 2 diabetes using the Indian Diabetes Risk Score in an urban slum of Pune, Maharashtra, India: a cross-sectional study. WHO South-East Asia J Public Health 2016;5(1): 53–61.
  8. Gupta SK, Singh Z , Purty AJ,Mohan V. Diabetes prevalence and its risk factors in urban Pondicherry. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries. 2009;29(4):166–9.
  9. Mohan V, Sandeep S, Deepa R, Shah B, Varghese C. Epidemiology of type 2 diabetes: Indian scenario. Indian J Med Res. 2007;125(3):217–30
  10. Khan Ahmad Maroof, Thesis: A Community based study on the prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus in the adult population of Lucknow District, CSMMU, Lucknow, 2005
  11. Singh RB, Bajaj S, Niaz MA, Rastogi SS, Moshiri M. Prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and risk of hypertension and coronary artery disease in rural and urban population with low rates of obesity. Int J Cardiol. 1998;66(1):65–72
  12. Menon VU, Kumar KV, Gilchrist A, Sugathan TN, Sundaram KR, Nair V et al. Prevalence of known and undetected diabetes and associated risk factors in central Kerala – ADEPS. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2006;74(3):289–94
  13. Hadaegh F, Bozorgmanesh MR, Ghasemi A, Harati H, Saadat N, Azizi F. High prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes and abnormal glucose tolerance in the Iranian urban population: Tehran lipid and glucose study. BMC Public Health. 2008;8:176
  14. Wang H, Qiu Q, Tan LL, Liu T, Deng XQ, Chen YM et al. Prevalence and determinants of diabetes and impaired fasting glucose among urban community – dwelling adults in Guangzhou, China. Diabetes Metab. 2009;35(5):378–84.
  15. Jayakiruthiga S, Rajkamal R, Gopalakrishnan S, Umadevi R. Assessment of diabetes risk in an adult population using indian diabetic risk score in urban area of Tamil Nadu. Int J Community Med Public Health 2018;5:1587-90.
  16. Acharya AS, Singh A, Dhiman B. Assessment of diabetes risk in an adult population using Indian diabetes risk score in an urban resettlement colony of Delhi. JAPI. 2017;65:46-51
  17. Namdev G, Narkhede V. A study on validity of Indian Diabetes Risk Score for screening of diabetes mellitus among rural adult population at Rural Health Training Centre, Bhouri, under Department of Community Medicine. Int J Community Med Public Health 2018;5:5295-300
  18. Arora V, Singh MJ, Khanna P, Goyal N, Kumar N, Singh M. Prevalence of diabetes in urban Haryana. Australas Med J. 2010;3(8):488–94
  19. Mohan V, Sandeep S, Deepa M, Gokulakrishnan K, Datta M, Deepa R. A diabetes risk score helps identify metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk in Indians- the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study (CURES-38). Diabetes Obes Metab. 2007;9(3):337–43
  20. Ahmed M, Amrutha AM. Association of socio-demographic variables and risk of type 2 diabetes using Indian diabetes risk score: a cross-sectional study in urban Mysuru. Int J Community Med Public Health 2018;5:740-4
  21. Brahmbhatt KR, Chakraborty T, Gopal C, Shwethashree M, Madappady S, Sowndarya TA, Anbalagan BK. Assessment of risk of type 2 diabetes using simplified Indian Diabetes Risk Score – Community-based cross-sectional study. Int J Med Sci Public Health 2016;5:2522-25
  22. Unwin N, Shaw J, Zimmet P & Alberti GMM (2002) Impaired glucose tolerance and impaired fasting glycaemia: the current status on definition and intervention. Diabetic Medicine 2002;19:708–23
  23. Singh MM, Mangla V, Pangtey R, Garg S. Risk assessment of diabetes using the Indian Diabetes Risk Score: A study on young medical students from Northern India. Indian J Endocr Metab 2019;23:86-90.
  24. Mohan V, Deepa M, Anjana RM, Lanthorn H, Deepa R. Incidence of diabetes and pre-diabetes in a selected urban South Indian population (CUPS-19). J Assoc Physicians India. 2008;56:152–7
  25. Gopalakrishnan S, Rama R, Muthulakshmi M. Assessing the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus among medical students in Chennai using Indian diabetes risk score. Int J Community Med Public Health 2017;4:2366‑72
  26. Subramani R, Devi U, Shankar U, Stephen T, Karthik RC, Seshadhri S, et al. Assessment of risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus among rural population in Tamil Nadu by using Indian Diabetic Risk Score. Middle‑East J Sci Res 2014;21:223‑5.

Corresponding Author

Dilip Raj

Department of Community Medicine, SMS Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India