Abstract

Introduction

Mucormycosis is one of the most underrated disease of present age. Due to rise in number of cases of Diabetes Mellitus, use of immunosuppressive medications, cases of Mucormycosis are on a rise. The disease usually presents with docile symptoms to start of with and is caught at a severe stage

Mucormycosis is caused by a fulminating fungus caused by members of the Mucoraceae, order Mucorales and class Zygomycetes. These are ubiquitous fungi growing primarily on decaying vegetation and organic material. It was first described by Paulltauf in 1885. Most of the patients infected have an underlying predisposing condition favouring the growth of the organism.

Rhizopus organism possess an enzyme, ketone reductase what allow them to flourish in high glucose, acidic conditions.

Most common sites for Mucormycosis infection are sinuses leading to a spectrum of diseases from Sino-nasal, Rhino-Orbital and Rhino-Orbito-Cerebral. Other sites of infection include Pulmonary Mucormycosis, Gastro-Intestinal Mucormycosis, Cutaneous Mucormycosis, Renal Mucormycosis, Isolated CNS Mucormycosis, Disseminated Disease. Mode of Spread is Primarily Angioinvasive followed by Locoregional Spread in Sinus infections, where in the pterygopalatine fossa acts as a resiorviour for the fungus.

Almost all the patients of this disease has an underlying condition most common have been listed below

• Diabetes mellitus, particularly with ketoacidosis
• Treatment with glucocorticoids and immunosuppressive drugs
• Malnutrition
• transplantation patients
• AIDS
• Iron overload
• Trauma/burns

Material and Method

All consecutive Cases of Mucormycosis admitted between the time periods of 1 year 26 JUNE 2017- 26 JUNE 2018, Admitted in Internal Medicine and Otto Rhyno Laryngology wards were studied for their entire course of hospital stay.