Details
Category: Volume 08 Issue 01 January 2020
Hits: 1057

Title: Comparative Analysis of Serum Prostate Specific Antigen Levels in Various Prostatic Lesions

Authors: Sowmya Parvathaneni, Kusuma Venkatesh, Madhusudan H R

 DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v8i1.93

Abstract

Background: Prostatic enlargement can present with various urinary tract symptoms due to its location at the bladder neck. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (B.P.H), prostatitis, Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) and adenocarcinoma are the lesions commonly encountered. Use of Prostate Specific antigen (PSA) levels as a screening test aids in the diagnosis and management of prostate cancer.

Materials and Methods: This study was carried out for a period of 2 years in the department of pathology. A total of 160 cases of prostate biopsies were studied and PSA values were noted in 112 cases. The biopsies were processed by routine techniques and studied along with immunohistochemical (IHC) markers in cases of diagnostic problems.

Results: The 112 cases of prostate biopsies which had PSA estimations have been analyzed here. The most common condition was B.P.H, found in 51%, Prostatitis in 15%, PIN in 9.2% and adenocarcinoma in 24%. Majority of the patients were in the age group of 60-69 years. PSA values in the benign cases were in the range of 4-10ng/ml, while malignant cases had levels >20ng/ml. Mean PSA values associated with benign lesions were 8.93, while in malignant cases they were 43.66.

Conclusion: Incidence of adenocarcinoma of prostate is on the rise and therefore it is suggested to include PSA estimation as a screening test in males above the age of 50years.

Keywords: Benign prostatic hyperplasia, Prostatitis, adenocarcinoma, Prostate specific antigen.

References

  1. Cunha GR. Role of mesenchymal-epithelial interactions in normal and abnormal development of the mammary gland and prostate. Cancer.1994; 74(3suppl): 1030-1044.
  2. Neal D. The prostate and seminal vesicles. In: Mann CV, Russel RCG, Williams NS, eds. Bailey and Love's short practise of surgery. 22nd ed. Chapman Hall; London: 1995. p970-85.
  3. American Cancer Society (ACS) (2013) Cancer facts and figures 2013 [online]. Atlanta, GA: American Cancer society. Available at http://www.cancer.org/acs/groups/content@epidemology surveilance/documents/document/acspc-036845.pdf (accessed 1 August 2013).
  4. Akdas A. Turkan T, Turkeril, Cerviki, Biren T and Gurmen N. The diagnostic accuracy of digital rectal examination, transrectal ultrasonography, prostate specific antigen (PSA) density in prostate carcinoma. Br J Urol. 1995; 76: 54-6.
  5. Radiae S. Prostate cancer molecular staging. State of the art in prostate and breast cancer treatment. European school of oncology. Advanced course. September, 2002: Education boo. 2000. p. 101-4.
  6. Lilja H (1985) A kallikrein-like serine protease in prostatic fluid cleaves the predominant seminal vesicle protein. J Clin Invest 76: 1899-1903.
  7. Diamondis EP, Yu H. prostate specific antigen and lack of specificity for prostate cells. Lancet 1995; 345: 1186.
  8. Chen CH, Yao HH, Huang SW, Chuang CK, Hsu HS, Wang CJ, Pu YS. Using age-referenced prostate-specific antigen percentile to predict survival outcomes in screened taiwanese men. Int J Cancer. 2012 Sep 2014 doi: 10.1002/ijc.27842.
  9. Stamey TA, Yang N, Hay AR, Mc Neal JE, Freiha FS, Redwine E (1987) Prostate specific antigen as a serum marker adenocarcinoma of the prostate. N Engl J Med 317: 909-916.
  10. Catalona WJ, Smith DS, Ornstein DK (1997) Prostate cancer detection in men with serum PSA concentration of 2.6 to 4ng/ml and benign prostatic examination. Enhancement of specificity with free PSA measurements see coments. J Am Med Assoc 277: 1452-1455.
  11. Ulf-Hakan Stenman, Jari Leinonen, Wan-Ming Zhang, Patrik Finne. Prostate-specific Antigen. Cancer Biology, Vol 9, 1999: pp. 83-93.
  12. Akhter R, Reshi R, Dar ZA, et al. Histopathological study of prostatic lesions on neddle biopsies with serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA). International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences 2014; 6(3): 87-91.
  13. Abdel-Meguid TA, Mosil HA, Al-Maghrabi JA. Prostate inflammation association with benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer. Saudi Med J 2009; 30: 179-83.
  14. Wadgaonkar AR, Patil AA, Mahajan SV, Yengantiwar RP. Correlation of serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) levelin various prostate pathology in elderly men. International Journal of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences 2013. Vol3. (2): 274-281.
  15. Azmi A Haroun, Azmy S. Hadidy, Ziad M Awwad, Caramella F. Nimri, Waleed S. Mahafza, Emad S. Tarawneh. Utility of free prostate specific antigen serum level and its related parameters in the diagnosis of prostate cancer. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl 2011; 22(2): 291-297.
  16. Pooja Katiyar, Roma Singh, Pragya Saxena, Sajjan Gupta. A comprehensive study of prostate pathology in correlation with prostate specific antigen-Hospital based Retrospective study of one year. Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences, 2019. 18: 60-64.
  17. Anushree C.N, Kusuma Venkatesh. Morphological spectrum of prostatic lesions- A clinicopathological study. Research Gate 2012.
  18. H Mwaakyoma et al. correlation of Gleasons score and pretreatment prostate specific aantigen in patients. Proffesional  Med J Jun 2010; 17(2): 235-240.
  19. Arista-Nasr J, Figuerao-Granados V, Caballero-Mendoza E, Schneider O, Lopez-Corrrasco G, Kana-Falcon M. Serum level of prostatic specific antigen in 100 patients with prostatic biopsy. Rev Invest Clin, 1998 Nov-Dec; 50(6): 487-90.
  20. Bangalore ramalingiah Vani, Deepak Kumar, Burugina Nagaraj Sharath, Vankataramappa Srinivas Murthy, Kempula Geethamala. A comprehensive study of prostate specific antigen levels in correlation with prostate specific antigen levels. An Indian study. Clin Cancer Investig J 2015; 4: 617-20.

Corresponding Author

Sowmya Parvathaneni