Title: Prevalence of 4Ds among Population of below 18 years Screened under RBSK in Districts of Western Madhya Pradesh
Authors: Sunil K Guleri, Sachin Parmar
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v7i5.12
Abstract
RBSK (Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram) provides the Child Health Screening and Early Intervention Services under National Rural Health Mission. RBSK was started for early detection and management of the 4Ds (Defects at birth, Diseases in Children, Deficiency conditions and Developmental Delays including Disabilities) prevalent in children aged below 18 years. This study was carried out to find out the prevalence of 4Ds in RBSK screened children in western Madhya Pradesh. Western Madhya Pradesh comprises of almost 14 districts, out of which 2 districts Indore and Ujjain were selected randomly. Secondary data from RBSK programme manager of both the district was collected for analysis. Also semi structured interview was organised with the programme managers to assess the current services, strategies and outcomes of the programme. Children screened for 4Ds in the age group of 0-18 years were 66.19% and 61.5% of the total children in Indore and Ujjain districts respectively. The prevalence of birth defects among children screened was 2.48 and 1.56 per thousand in Indore and Ujjain districts respectively. The prevalence of deficiency disorders, childhood diseases and developmental delays and disabilities in Indore was 20.49, 28.92 and 34.13 per thousand respectively. Similarly in Ujjain it was 26.0, 44.76 and 9.89 per thousand respectively. Thus in spite high prevalence of childhood diseases, deficiency disorders and developmental delays almost 35% to 40% children left unscreened. This leads higher childhood morbidity and mortality and undue sufferings and delays in treatment and care to sufferers.
Keywords: disease, defects, deficiency, disability.
References
1. March of Dimes Report, 2006 http://www.marchofdimes.org/materials/global-report-on-birth-defects-the-hidden- toll-of-dying-and- disabled-children-executive-summary.
- Agarwal SS. Neural tube defect: a preventable congenital malformation. Indian Pediatr 1999; 36: 643-648
- Thomas I M , Rajnagam S .Cryptogenic investigations in down syndrome patients and their parents. Ind j med Res, 1992;96:366-371 .
- Verma I C. Burden of genetic disorders in India. Ind J Pediatr, 2000;67:893-898
- Malini S S, Rachandra N B. influence of advancedage of maternal grandmothers on down syndrome.BMC Med Genet,2006;147
- Mossey P, Little J. Addressing the challenges of cleft lip and palate research in India.Indian J Plast Surg.2009; 42:9–18.
- Kaushal, S. P. Kaushal, and O. N. Bhakoo, “Congenital dysplasia of the hip in northern india,” International Surgery, 1976; 61(1), p. 29.
- Fyler DC, Buckley LP, Hellenbrand WE, Cohn HE. Report of the New England Regional Infant Care Program. Pediatrics 1980; 65 Suppl : 375-461
- Khalil A, Aggarwal R, Thirupuram S, Arora R. Incidence of congenital heart disease among hospital live births in India. Indian Pediatr 1994; 31: 519-527.
- Palmer EA. Optimal timing of examination for acute retrolental fibroplasia. Ophthalmology 1976 88:662666, 1981.
- International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS) and Macro International. National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3), 2005- 2006. Mumbai, India: International Institute for Population Sciences; 2007.
- Walter, I. de Andraca, P. Chadud, and C. G. Perales, “Iron deficiency anemia: adverse effects on infant psychomotor development,” Pediatrics, 1989; 84 (1), pp. 7–17.
- Arlappa, N. Balakrishna, A. Laxmaiah, and G. N. V. Brahmam, “Prevalence of anaemia among rural pre-school children of Maharashtra, India,” Indian Journal of Community Health, 2012;24(1), pp. 4–8,.
- Gao, H. Yan, S. Dang, and L. Pei, “Severity of anemia among children under 36 months old in Rural Western China,” PLoS ONE, 2013; 8(4), Article ID e62883,.
- B. Jain, F. Laden, U. Guller, A. Shankar, S. Kasani, and E. Garshick, “Relation between blood lead levels and childhood anemia in India,” American Journal of Epidemiology, 2005; 161 (10), pp. 968–973.
- J. Brabin, Z. Premji, and F. Verhoeff, “An analysis of anemia and child mortality,” Journal of Nutrition, 2001;131(2) supplement 2, pp. 636S–648S,.
- Jose VJ, Gomathi M. Declining prevalence of rheumatic heart disease in rural schoolchildren in India: 2001-2002.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12921331
- Durkin MS, Davidson LL, Desai P, Hasan ZM, Khan N, Shrout PE, et al. Validity of the Ten Questions Screen for Childhood Disability: Results from population-based studies in Bangladesh, Jamaica, and Pakistan. Epidemiology 1994; 5: 283-289.
- Nair M, Radhakrishnan S. Early childhood development in deprived urban settlements. Indian Pediatr 2004; 41: 227-237.