Title: Case Control Study of Lifestyle and Behavioral Risk Factors of Coronary Artery Disease in Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Dhekane SC, Jadhav RY
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v6i8.60
Abstract
In India 53% of all deaths was due to non-communicable diseases and 28% deaths were due to cardiovascular diseases like coronary artery disease (CAD). This epidemic of non-communicable diseases is due to steep rise of lifestyle risk factors. The purpose of study was not to find out new risk factors but to study behavioural risk factors in local community for CAD. Present case control study was carried out at tertiary care hospital. Newly-diagnosed 51 cases of coronary artery disease and 51age and gender matched controls were studied. We studied the risk factors for CAD like obesity, tobacco chewing and smoking, alcohol consumption, psychological stress, physical inactivity. Data was analysed by using Graph pad prism software, Chi square test, Z test and Odds ratio was calculated. We found strong significant association of tobacco chewing, tobacco smoking and psychological stress with CAD. We found no significant association of alcohol consumption and BMI with CAD in our study. We conclude that modifiable risk factors are strongly associated with the coronary artery disease. Therefore intense attention should be paid to the behavioural risk factors for prevention of coronary artery disease and people should be encouraged to avoid risky and unhealthy behaviours.
Keywords: coronary artery disease (CAD), behavioural risk factors, etc.
References
- Reddy KS, Shah B, Varghese c, et al. Responding to the threat of chronic diseases in India. The Lancet. 2005;336:1744-9
- Gupta R, Gupta S, Joshi R, Xavier D. Translating evidence into policy for cardiovascular disease control in India. Health Res Policy Plan. 2011;9:8.
- Joshi P, Islam S, Pais P, Reddy KS, Prabhakaran D, Kazmi K, et al. Risk factors for Early myocardial infarction in South Asians compared with individuals from other countries. JAMA. 2007;297: 386-394
- Reddy KS, Prabhakaran D, Jeemon P, et al. Educational status and Cardiovascular risk profile in Indians. FU-proceedings of National Academy of Sciences of the USA. 2007;104:16263-16268
- Gupta R, Joshi P, Mohan V, Reddy KS, Yusuf S. Epidemiology and causation of Coronary Heart Disease and Stroke in India: Heart. 2008;94;16-26
- Holmes, Thomas H., and Richard H. Rahe. The social readjustment rating scale. Journal Of Psychosomatic Research.11(2): 213-218
- Jiang H, Suma V,et al. Passive Smoking and the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease - A Meta-Analysis of Epidemiologic Studies. N Engl J Med. 1999. 340:920-926.
- Wenbin Liang, Tanya Chikritzhs. Moderate Alcohol Consumption and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease. The American Journal of Cardiology. 2011; 107(6):
- Gupta R, Sharma K, Gupta A, et al. Persistent high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in the urban middle class in India: Jaipur Heart Watch-5. J Assoc physicians India. 2012;60:11-16.
- Strike PC, Magid K, Whitehead DL, et al. Pathophysiological processes underlying emotional triggering of acute cardiac events. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2006; 103:4322.
- Liao D, Carnethon M, Evans GW, Cascio WE, Heiss G. Lower heart rate variability is associated with the development of coronary heart disease in individuals with diabetes. Diabetes.2002;51:3524–31.