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Category: Volume 06 Issue 08 August 2018
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Title: Nipah Virus: A Hidden and Continuous Threat to Humankind

Authors: Dr Kumar S Abhishek, Dr Tirtha Priya

 DOI:  https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v6i8.34

Abstract

Nipah virus, a member of family Paramyxoviridae, genus Henipavirus causes acute and severe respiratory illness and encephalitis in humans. The primary source of infection is through infected pigs and bats. Virus was first isolated in 1999 post 1998 outbreak in Malaysia, where pigs were the primary source of infection. Unlike Malaysia, fruit bats of family Pteropodidae were the main reservoir in Bangladesh and India. Several outbreaks have been reported from Bangladesh and India in past 20 years. Most of the infections are associated with ingestion of date palm sap contaminated by bats and even human to human transmission is also known. Viral isolation, Nucleic acid amplification tests and serology are the main diagnostic methods. Several ELISA based tests are available for serological diagnosis. As so far no approved vaccine or effective antiviral drugs are available, the mainstays of management relies on preventive and supportive management.

Keywords: Henipavirus, Pteropus bats, Encephalitis, Outbreak, ELISA, Vaccine.

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Corresponding Author

Dr Tirtha Priya

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