Title: Study of CK5/6 in Benign and Malignant Breast Lesions
Authors: Dr Aditi Jain, Dr (Mrs.) Ajay Yadav, Dr Ankur Patni
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v6i4.25
Abstract
Background: The presence or absence of a myoepithelial cell layer around carcinoma cells is the basis for dividing tumors into in situ and invasive types. Cytokeratin (CK) is a family of intracytoplasmic intermediate filament proteins present in almost all epithelial cells, which can be used to identify these myoepithelial cells and thus differentiate benign from malignant lesions. Moreover, If CK positivity is seen in malignant lesion, it indicates a basal type of carcinoma and have bad prognosis.
Aims: The present study is designed to differentiate Benign Lesions and Malignant lesions and detect basal like carcinomas
Material and Methods: This is a Cross – Sectional, Laboratory based comparative type of observational study in which immunohistochemical staining for cytokeratin 5/6 was applied on paraffin embedded sections of 100 breast lesions using avidin biotin peroxidase technique. The distribution and intensity of staining was recorded and graded semi quantitatively.
Results: There were 50 cases of benign lesion, all of which were positive for CK5/6 except two cases of lactating adenoma. The malignant lesions comprised eleven cases of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and 39 cases of infiltrating carcinoma, not otherwise specified, IDC (NOS). None of the DCIS cases showed a positive immunoreaction but 19 cases of IDC were positive for CK5/6. The staining reaction in the malignant lesions was significantly less than that of benign lesions.
Conclusion: The majority of carcinoma arising in women with BRCA 1 mutation are ‘basal like. ’Due to high proliferation and rapid growth, they carry an adverse prognosis. CK 5/6 can be used to identify these basal like subgroup and thus by screening there family members with BRCA1, prophylactic measures can be taken at an early stage..
Keywords: CK, DCIS, IDC.
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