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Abstract
From the effects of significant earthquakes (since the early 1980s) it is concluded that the seismic risks in urban areas are
increasing and are far from socio-economically acceptable levels. There is an urgent need to reverse this situation and it is
believed that one of the most effective ways of doing this is through: (1) the development of more reliable seismic standards and
code provisions than those currently available and (2) their stringent implementation for the complete engineering of new
engineering facilities. A performance-based design is aimed at controlling the structural damage based on precise estimations of
proper response parameters. This is possible if more accurate analyses are carried out, including all potential important factors
involved in the structural behavior.
With an emphasis on providing stakeholders, owner the information needed to make rational business or safety-related decisions,
design practice has moved toward predictive methods for assessing potential seismic performance and has led to the
development of performance based engineering methods for seismic design.