##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.main##

Abstract

The human beings are a highly visual species. Most of our information about the world comes to us through our eyes and most of our cultural and intellectual heritage is stored and transmitted as words and images to which our vision gives access and meaning. Knowing more about our eyes and vision is, therefore, one path to better understanding of ourselves. And, as it happens, the human eye is a fairly representative vertebrate eye; knowing more about it tell us much about the eyes of other animals and about how they view the world and us.

Any defect in the extraocular muscle results in a misalignment of the visual axes of the two eyes, the condition is called strabismus. In this condition patients suffers from double vision (diplopia) and also cosmetically it doesn’t look good. Surgical treatment of this condition required the anatomical knowledge of extraocular muscles. Various studies are done on extraocular muscle but no literature showed such study in Indian population. This aroused an interest in doing a study on this subject. The aims and objectives of our study were,

  1. To measure the width of the recti muscles at the site of insertion
  2. To measure the distance between the limbus and scleral attachments of the four recti muscles i.e. superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial recttus and lateral rectus.
  3. To compare the measurements of right eye with with those of left eye
  4. To study any variations in the recti muscles
  5. To study variations in the nerve supply of these muscles.
Keywords: Extraocular muscle, Eye movement, Levator palpebrae suprioris, Muscle pulleys; Muscle sleeves, Orbital fascia.

##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.details##

Author Biographies

Dr. Gopal G. Bagal, A.C.P.M. Medical College, Dhule, Maharshtra, 424001

Asssociate Professor

Dr. Ramdas Surwase, M.I.M.S.R. Medical College, Latur, Maharashtra,

Asssociate Professor
How to Cite
Bagal, D. G. G., & Surwase, D. R. (2015). A Study of Variations of the Recti Muscles of the Eyeball in Cadavers. International Journal of Emerging Trends in Science and Technology, 2(06). Retrieved from http://igmpublication.org/ijetst.in/index.php/ijetst/article/view/768

References

1. P. Sevel, “The origin and insertion of the extraocular muscles: Development, Histologic feature and Clinical significance,” Trans American ophthalmology Society, 84, pp. 488, 1986.
2. A. David, Lee, John, Dyer, C. Peter, “Surgical treatment of Lateral rectus muscle paralysis,” American Journal of Ophthalmology, 95, pp.511-578, 1984.
3. G.F.Wooten, D.J.Reis, “Blood flow in extraocular muscle” Archives Neurology, 26, pp.350-352, 1972.
4. S.P.Ringel, W.B.Wilson, M.T.Barden, K.K .Kaiser, “Histochemistry of extaocular muscle” Archives Ophthalmology, 96, pp.1067-1072.
5. R.D.Lochard, W.Brand, “Length of striated muscle fibre”, Journal of Anatomy, 72, pp.470, 1972.
6. S.E.Dietert, “The demonstration of different types of muscle fibres in human extraocular muscle by electron microscopy” Investigative ophthalmology, 4, pp.51-63, 1965.
7. D.E.Brand, C.R.Leeson, “Structural difference of fast and slow fibres in human extraocular muscles” American Journal of Ophthalmo-logy, 62 , pp.478-487,1966.
8. T.Namba, T.Nakamura, D.Grob, “Motor nerve endings in human extraocular muscle,” Neurology, 18, pp.403-407,1968.
9. H.Woollard, “The innervations of the ocular muscles,” Journal of Anatomy, 65, pp.215-223, 1931.
10. K.Mukuno, Fine, “Structure of the human extraocular muscle part3, neuromuscular junction in the normal human extraocular muscles,” Acta society Ophthalmology, 72, pp.104-121, 1968.
11. P.W.Gilbert, “The origin and development of the human extraocular muscle,” Embryology Carnegie Institute, 36, pp.59-78, 1957.
12. L.Koorneef, “The development of the connective tissue in the human orbit,” Acta Morpho. Neer.Scand, 14, pp.263-290,1976.
13. T. Ciro, S. Tommaro, Agostino, Marino, “Ultrasound of horizontal rectus muscle insertion site: Implication in preoperative assessment of strabismus,: Investigatve Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 44, pp.618-622,2003.
14. Cadera, Vlirze, Karcik, “Cine MRI of ocular motility,” Journal of Pediatrics, 29, pp.120-122, 1992.
15. A.G.Lee,, L.A. Hayman, A.W. Rois, “Neuroimaging contrast agents in ophthalmology,” Surve Ophthalmology, 45, pp.237-253,2000.
16. S.E. Whitnall, “ An instance of the retractor bulbi muscle in man,” Journal of Anatomy and Physiogy. 46, pp.36-40,1911.
17. M.Ludinghausen, M. Miuna, N. Wurzler, “Variation and anomalies of the human orbital muscles,” Surgical and radiological anatomy, 21, pp.69-70,1999.