Convection, Segregation and Pattern Formation in Horizontally Vibrated Granular Materials

We reviewed the developments in segregation, convection and pattern formation in horizontally vibrated
granular systems which are important for the improvement of several industrial developments, such as
agriculture, mining, pharmaceutical, geo-sciences, civil engineering etc. The most of previous theoretical
and experimental research works were focused on vertical vibration direction; only limited studies explored
the horizontally vibrated granular systems. Segregation, convection and pattern formation in horizontally
vibrated systems are complex phenomena. Size ratio, particle properties, energy input, vibrational direction
and boundary conditions are all playing significant roles. Several studies have been performed but
extensive experiments and theoretical models are still mandatory to attain the firm explanations of these
phenomena. Progresses in simulation software, novel analytical models and innovative experimental
methods are desirable to sustain developments on these issues